Duane syndrome type 1

Duane syndrome type 1 is an eye movement disorder that is present at birth. People with this condition have trouble moving the affected eye(s) outward toward the ear (abduction), while the movement inward (adduction) is normal or only mildly affected. The condition can affect one or both eyes, and during inward movement, the eye may retract and the opening of the eyelid may narrow. Most cases of Duane syndrome type 1 appear without a family history, with about 10% of cases being familial. In many people, this condition is isolated, meaning no other birth abnormalities are present. The characteristics and pattern of eye movement difficulties help distinguish this type from other forms of Duane syndrome.

People with Duane syndrome type 1 often have restricted ability to move the affected eye(s) outward. Other signs include normal or slightly restricted movement inward, narrowing of the eyelid opening, and retraction of the eyeball into the orbit when the eye moves inward. These eye movement problems lead to the unique appearance of the condition.

Duane syndrome type 1 is usually seen as a sporadic condition, meaning it happens by chance and is not inherited in most cases. However, about 10% of cases show a familial pattern. The condition has been associated with the gene DURS1, which is mentioned as part of the known genetic factors. Further details about genetic causes and risk factors are not extensively provided.

Treatment for Duane syndrome type 1 is mainly supportive. Options include using glasses or contact lenses to correct vision, wearing eye patches, or performing surgery. These approaches help manage the eye movement issues and any associated visual concerns.

Many people with Duane syndrome type 1 do not have other abnormalities and live with the condition with supportive care. The outlook often depends on the severity of the eye movement restriction and the impact it has on vision. Overall, the condition can be managed to help maintain a good quality of life.

Information about current research and future directions is currently limited for this condition.