superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a digestive condition that occurs when the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, is squeezed between two major arteries: the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. This squeezing can lead to a partial or complete block in the duodenum, which may cause significant discomfort and interfere with the normal process of digestion. The condition is often related to a loss of the protective fat pad that normally cushions the vessels. Without this fat, the space between the arteries narrows, increasing the risk of compression. People with this condition may experience symptoms that can seriously affect daily life, and the changes in the digestive tract can sometimes lead to complications if not recognized and managed timely.

Many people with SMAS experience symptoms related to digestion. Common signs include abdominal pain, a feeling of fullness, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The severity of these symptoms can vary from person to person, and in some cases, they may be very debilitating.

SMAS usually develops when there is a loss of the mesenteric fat pad that normally surrounds the superior mesenteric artery. A significant loss of weight can lead to this reduction in fat, making the compression of the duodenum more likely. In addition, certain medical conditions, psychological disorders, or surgeries—especially corrective spinal surgery for scoliosis in younger patients—can trigger the onset of SMAS.

Treatment for SMAS focuses on relieving the compression and managing symptoms. This may include addressing the underlying cause of weight loss, making dietary changes such as eating smaller meals or following a liquid diet, and in some cases, surgery. It is important to note that even with treatment, some people may continue to experience symptoms.

Information about prognosis is currently limited for this condition.

Information about current research is currently limited for this condition.