HELLP syndrome

HELLP syndrome is a serious condition that can complicate pregnancy. Its name comes from the three main features: Hemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells), Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet levels. This condition most often occurs during the last three months of pregnancy, though it can also start soon after delivery. It is closely related to preeclampsia and eclampsia, which are conditions that affect blood pressure and can impact both the mother and baby.

People with HELLP syndrome may experience a range of symptoms. These can include fatigue, general discomfort (malaise), fluid retention with rapid weight gain, headache, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper right or middle part of the abdomen, and blurry vision. In rare cases, there may also be nosebleeds or seizures. The symptoms can vary widely and are not limited to these signs.

The exact cause of HELLP syndrome is not known. However, it is most common in people who develop preeclampsia or eclampsia during pregnancy. Certain risk factors have been associated with the condition, but the precise mechanisms triggering HELLP syndrome remain unclear.

The main treatment for HELLP syndrome is to deliver the baby as soon as it is safe to do so, even if premature. Additional treatments may include medications for the mother or baby and blood transfusions to manage severe bleeding, depending on the situation.

HELLP syndrome can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby if it is not diagnosed and treated quickly. With prompt medical intervention, the outlook may improve, but the condition remains dangerous. Long-term outcomes can vary widely, and careful monitoring is important.

Information about current research and future directions is currently limited for this condition.