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Any acrodysostosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PDE4D gene.
Features include always present findings: Brachydactyly, Short nose, Short metacarpal, and Short metatarsal and others; and common findings: Increased intracranial pressure. 30 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 4 | Intellectual disability, Delayed speech and language development, Global developmental delay |
PDE4D function has not been fully characterized.
Acrodysostosis 2 with or without hormone resistance is associated with mutations in the PDE4D gene on chromosome 5.
Genetic testing for PDE4D is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for acrodysostosis 2 with or without hormone resistance has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 9 always present features, 1 common feature.
No clinical trials have been registered for acrodysostosis 2 with or without hormone resistance.
208 publications have been identified in PubMed for acrodysostosis 2 with or without hormone resistance. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (35%), Basic Science / Preclinical (29%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (21%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 60 | 35% |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 3:12 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about acrodysostosis 2 with or without hormone resistance
Hormones |
2 |
Diabetes mellitus, Congenital hypothyroidism |
Head and neck | 2 | Round face, Mandibular prognathia |
Growth and development | 2 | Mild short stature, Intrauterine growth retardation |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Congenital hypothyroidism |
Arms and legs | 1 | Short phalanx of finger |
Bones and joints | 1 | Advanced ossification of carpal bones |
Laboratory research |
49 |
29% |
Disease patterns and progression | 36 | 21% |
Clinical study results | 17 | 10% |
Patient case studies | 4 | 2% |
Other research | 2 | 1% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 2 | 1% |
Lin Y (2026). [PMID: 41274199](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41274199/). *Atherosclerosis*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Alban A (2026). [PMID: 41674338](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41674338/). *J Biochem Mol Toxicol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Li W (2026). [PMID: 41784617](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41784617/). *Cancer Res*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Yu J (2026). [PMID: 40628562](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40628562/). *Placenta*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Irfan Z (2026). [PMID: 41534598](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41534598/). *Diabetes Res Clin Pract*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Jiang Y (2026). [PMID: 41204670](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41204670/). *Mol Ther*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Wang ZZ (2026). [PMID: 41995520](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41995520/). *Medicine (Baltimore)*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Kubrak O (2026). [PMID: 41423082](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41423082/). *Mol Metab*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Argyrakopoulou G (2025). [PMID: 40707821](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40707821/). *Curr Obes Rep*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Skoracka K (2025). [PMID: 39983918](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39983918/). *Peptides*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]