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Acromelic frontonasal dysplasia (AFND) is a rare variant of frontonasal dysplasia characterized by distinct craniofacial (large fontanelle, hypertelorism, bifid nasal tip, nasal clefting, brachycephaly, median cleft face, carp-shaped mouth), brain (interhemispheric lipoma, agenesis of the corpus callosum), and limb (tibial hypoplasia/aplasia, club foot, symmetric preaxial polydactyly of the feet and bilateral clubbed and thickened nails of halluces) malformations as well as intellectual disability. Other manifestations sometimes reported include absent olfactory bulbs, hypopituitarism and cryptorchidism.
Features include always present findings: Midline defect of the nose, Hypertelorism, Vertical clivus, and Midline facial cleft and others; and very common findings: Preaxial foot polydactyly, Bifid nose, Global developmental delay, and Talipes equinovarus. 55 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Head and neck | 5 | Submucous cleft soft palate, U-Shaped upper lip vermilion, Cleft palate |
ZSWIM6 function has not been fully characterized.
Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis is caused by mutations in the ZSWIM6 gene on chromosome 5.
Genetic testing for ZSWIM6 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 11 always present features, 4 very common features, 17 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for acromelic frontonasal dysostosis.
1 publication has been identified in PubMed for acromelic frontonasal dysostosis. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (100%).
Guo C (2024). [PMID: 38858685](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38858685/). *BMC pregnancy and childbirth*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 1:01 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about acromelic frontonasal dysostosis
Brain and nerves | 5 | Seizure, Intellectual disability, Global developmental delay |
Eyes | 3 | Optic nerve hypoplasia, Ptosis, Glaucoma |
Arms and legs | 2 | Preaxial hand polydactyly, Preaxial foot polydactyly |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Upper airway obstruction |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Tubulonodular pericallosal lipoma |
Bones and joints | 1 | Absent fetal nasal bone |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Absent fetal nasal bone |