Acrorenal syndrome is a rare condition that affects people from birth. It is known for its range of congenital malformations with problems seen in both the limbs and the kidneys. People with this condition often have unusual findings in their hands or feet, such as clefts, and may also experience missing or underdeveloped kidneys. In addition to these features, there can be issues affecting other parts of the body. These may include anomalies of the genitourinary system like differences in the structure of the reproductive organs or the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, as well as problems with the abdomen, intestines, or lungs. This wide range of observed malformations means that the symptoms and overall health impacts can vary significantly among those affected.

People with acrorenal syndrome commonly have abnormalities in both their limbs and kidneys. Distal limb anomalies, such as bilateral cleft hands or feet, are frequently observed. In the kidneys, there may be issues including the absence (agenesis) of one or both kidneys. Other associated issues might involve the genitourinary tract, abdominal wall, intestines, or lungs, although these can vary widely from person to person.

The causes of acrorenal syndrome are linked to congenital malformations. Familial cases have been noted, and there is some evidence suggesting an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. This means that genetic factors may play a role in the development of this condition, although specific genes or mutations have not been identified.