annular pancreas

Annular pancreas is a congenital condition in which the head of the pancreas encircles the second part of the duodenum, sometimes leading to duodenal obstruction. It is considered a form of duodenal atresia and is most commonly identified in newborns, although some individuals may be diagnosed later in life. The condition is described as uncommon, affecting approximately 1 to 9 per 100,000 people. While the precise genetic factors remain under investigation, an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern has been noted in clinical observations.

Individuals with annular pancreas may experience symptoms related to obstruction of the duodenum. In newborns, this can manifest as feeding difficulties, vomiting, or signs of gastrointestinal blockage, whereas in some cases the condition is discovered incidentally in older children or adults during imaging studies for unrelated issues. Not all individuals experience all features, and severity varies considerably.

The underlying cause of annular pancreas is not completely understood. Although specific gene variants have not been definitively identified, the condition has been associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, meaning that a single copy of a genetic variant may contribute to its development. Given the current uncertainties regarding its genetic basis, families are encouraged to consider genetic counseling for a clearer understanding of potential risks and inheritance implications.

Currently, management of annular pancreas focuses on supportive care and symptom relief. In cases where duodenal obstruction is present, surgical intervention to bypass or remove the constricting ring is considered the mainstay of treatment. Patients should discuss treatment options with their healthcare team to determine which approach is best suited to their individual situation, and genetic counseling may be recommended to address any inheritance concerns.

Outcomes for individuals with annular pancreas vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the presence of any complications. With current standards of care, many individuals experience significant improvement following appropriate surgical treatment, and long-term quality of life is generally favorable. Outcomes described in medical literature continue to evolve as standards of care improve, and families are encouraged to connect with genetic counselors and specialized care teams to discuss management strategies and family planning options.