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Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is a hereditary renal phosphate-wasting disorder characterized by hypophosphatemia, rickets and/or osteomalacia.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Bones and joints | 4 | Bone pain, Rickets, Osteomalacia |
Muscles | 2 | Generalized muscle weakness, Renal phosphate wasting |
Growth and development | 1 | Short stature |
Lab test results | 1 | Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration |
Arms and legs | 1 | Abnormality of the lower limb |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Renal phosphate wasting |
Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is characterized most commonly by tumoral calcinosis or ectopic calcifications (typically in periarticular soft tissues exposed to repetitive trauma or prolonged pressure) and hyperostosis (typically manifesting as painful swelling overlying the diaphyses of long bones). Onset of lesions typically occurs in the first two decades of life. The dental phenotype unique to HFTC includes enamel hypoplasia, short and bulbous roots, pulp chamber and canal obliterations, and pulp stones. Less frequently reported findings include large and small vessel calcifications, testicular microlithiasis, and angioid streaks of the retina.
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
FGF23 encodes fibroblast growth factor 23 (251 aa). Regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing SLC34A1 levels. Up-regulates EGR1 expression in the presence of KL. Highest expression in Heart Atrial Appendage (0.8 TPM) and Liver (0.2 TPM).
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is associated with mutations in the FGF23 gene on chromosome 12.
The FGF23 protein participates in Klotho bound to FGF23, FGF23 bound to Klotho and FGFR1c, and Activated FGFR1c bound to FGF23:Klotho pathways.
FGF23 is classified as a druggable target (Clinically Actionable, Druggable Genome, Growth Factor, and Transporter categories) with score 104.4.
No genotype-phenotype correlations are known.
Sibs with the same GALNT3 pathogenic variants have been reported to have markedly different clinical courses .
Treatment response does not appear to vary by genotype.
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) should be suspected in individuals with the following clinical, laboratory, and/or imaging findings.
Tumoral calcinosis or ectopic calcifications are typically seen in periarticular soft tissues exposed to repetitive trauma or prolonged pressure, such as the hips, elbows, and shoulders; they can also be observed in other locations ranging from the eyelid to the submucosa of the large intestines . Hyperostosis. Some affected individuals experience transient but recurrent episodes of pain in the long bones, typically the tibia, associated with erythema, edema, and warmth of the overlying skin .
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
Table 2. Genetic Disorders to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis of Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis
Disorder | Gene(s) | MOI | Features of This Disorder |
|---|---|---|---|
UROD | AD | Dystrophic calcification in areas of pseudoscleroderma | — |
Ulcerated areas at pseudoscleroderma sites in some | Normal blood phosphorus | Blistering skin fragility w/sun exposure; Hypertrichosis/ hyperpigmentation; Pseudoscleroderma; Increased urinary excretion of uroporphyrin Normophosphatemicfamilial tumoralcalcinosis(OMIM 610455) |
Genetic testing for FGF23 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
No approved treatments are currently available for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC), the following evaluations are recommended if not done at the time of diagnosis:
Physical examination with particular attention to:
Skin and joints to assess for tumoral calcinosis;
Lower extremities to assess for edema, erythema, and pain related to hyperostosis;
Peripheral pulses to assess for clinically significant vascular calcification.
Use ankle-brachial systolic pressure index to confirm clinical suspicion of lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
Because phosphorus-lowering medications are aimed at lowering the calcium X phosphate product, it is prudent to avoid the following:
Use of calcium salts as phosphate binders
Excessive dietary calcium intake
Excessive vitamin D intake and/or supplements
Foods high in phosphorus
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
Search ClinicalTrials.gov in the US and EU Clinical Trials Register in Europe for access to information on clinical studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions. Note: There may not be clinical trials for this disorder.
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
View trials for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets
No specific guidelines address the issue of surveillance in HFTC. The frequency of monitoring depends on clinical findings and medical treatment, as there are no data to support an appropriate monitoring interval. Tumoral calcinosis. When initiating medical therapy the following should be monitored regularly:
Blood phosphorus to help manage medication doses
Blood calcium and intact parathyroid hormone because levels of 1,25D can be elevated
Complete blood count, ESR, and CRP to assess for evidence of inflammation
Renal function because hyperphosphatemia can contribute to development of kidney disease
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.
11 publications have been identified in PubMed for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (64%), Review / Meta-Analysis (18%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (9%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 7 | 64% |
Research summaries | 2 | 18% |
Laboratory research | 1 | 9% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 9% |
Bruneau H (2026). [PMID: 42138629](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42138629/). *Arch Endocrinol Metab*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Mumbach G (2025). [PMID: 40745420](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40745420/). *Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Aytaç Kaplan EH (2025). [PMID: 41165099](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41165099/). *Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Tanaka H (2025). [PMID: 38493780](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38493780/). *Hormone research in paediatrics*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Takishima S (2025). [PMID: 41049519](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41049519/). *Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Park YA (2025). [PMID: 41445556](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41445556/). *JBMR plus*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Dogra PM (2024). [PMID: 39877493](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39877493/). *Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Giuca MR (2024). [PMID: 39212455](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39212455/). *European journal of paediatric dentistry*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Duan X (2024). [PMID: 38847469](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38847469/). *Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ito N (2024). [PMID: 38467164](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38467164/). *Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 6:55 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
— |
SAMD9 | AR | Skin/subcutaneous calcinosis | Normal blood phosphorus; Normal renal intestinal reabsorption of phosphorus |
GNAS | See footnote 1. | Elevated blood phosphorus; Subcutaneous ossifications | Elevated blood parathyroid hormone due to end-organ resistance; Low blood calcium, obesity |
GNAS | See footnote 1. | Subcutaneous ossifications | Normal blood phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, calcium |
GNAS | See footnote 1. | Subcutaneous ossifications | Normal blood phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, calcium |
ACVR1 | AD | Subcutaneous ossifications that can impair joint mobility | Normal blood phosphorus |
ENPP1 | AR | Extravascular periarticular calcifications | — |
May have angioid streaks of the retina | Normal or low blood phosphorus (some develop hypophosphatemic rickets after infancy) | Extensive medium- large-artery calcification in infancy resulting in cardiovascular findings; May have yellow papules in flexural body areas; Hearing loss Cole disease(OMIM 615522) | — |
ENPP1 | AD | Skin/subcutaneous calcinosis | Normal blood phosphorus |
Source: GeneReviews — "Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"