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A rare disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism characterized by childhood-onset epilepsy, autism and intellectual disability with reduced levels of plasma branched chain aminoacids.
Features include always present findings: Language impairment, Cataract, Intellectual disability, and Global developmental delay and others; and very common findings: Progressive microcephaly, Clumsiness, Decreased CSF isoleucine concentration, and Decreased CSF leucine concentration and others. 49 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 19 | Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, Dystonia, Seizure |
BCKDK encodes branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (412 aa). Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of macronutrients metabolism. Highest expression in Cells Cultured fibroblasts (65.4 TPM) and Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes (59.3 TPM).
Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency is caused by mutations in the BCKDK gene on chromosome 16.
BCKDK is classified as a druggable target (Druggable Genome, Enzyme, Kinase, and Serine Threonine Kinase categories) with score 0.0.
Genetic testing for BCKDK is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 6 always present features, 11 very common features, 9 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency.
11 publications have been identified in PubMed for branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (45%), Review / Meta-Analysis (36%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (9%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 5 | 45% |
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 21, 2026, 1:29 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Head and neck | 5 | Progressive microcephaly, Microcephaly, Thin upper lip vermilion |
Skin | 2 | Dry skin, Inflammatory abnormality of the skin |
Muscles | 1 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Eyes | 1 | Cataract |
Digestive system | 1 | Feeding difficulties |
Ears | 1 | Inner ear hearing loss (sensorineural hearing impairment) |
Research summaries |
4 |
36% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 9% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 9% |
Cai D (2025). [PMID: 41502503](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41502503/). *Oncol Res*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Karwi QG (2025). [PMID: 40709461](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40709461/). *Circ Heart Fail*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Karimzadeh P (2025). [PMID: 40851941](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40851941/). *Ann Med Surg (Lond)*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Noji MC (2025). [PMID: 40661547](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40661547/). *bioRxiv*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Xiong H (2025). [PMID: 40495192](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40495192/). *J Transl Med*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Tian Q (2025). [PMID: 40789057](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789057/). *Adv Sci (Weinh)*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Li Y (2024). [PMID: 39025830](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39025830/). *Cell Death Dis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Abdualkader AM (2024). [PMID: 39007094](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39007094/). *J Pharm Pharm Sci*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Fernicola J (2024). [PMID: 39062842](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39062842/). *Int J Mol Sci*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Jishi A (2024). [PMID: 39709505](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39709505/). *Acta Neuropathol Commun*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]