Kisho is an information platform, not a medical provider. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. All content is aggregated from publicly available sources (including ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, FDA.gov, and Orphanet) and is provided for informational purposes only. Clinical trial eligibility, treatment decisions, and any health-related actions should always be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional. Kisho does not endorse any specific therapy, organization, or clinical trial. Terms of use · Privacy policy
A congenital disorder of glycosylation that involves malfunctioning trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide chain.
No HPO annotations are available for this condition.
Age of onset: infancy, childhood, at birth, newborn period, before birth.
SLC39A8-CDG is characterized by a severe, primarily neurologic phenotype with developmental delay, intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and variable additional neurologic symptoms including dyskinetic movements and spasticity. To date, 15 individuals have been identified with pathogenic variants in SLC39A8 [, , , , ]. The following description of the phenotypic features associated with this condition is based on these reports. Table 2. SLC39A8-CDG: Frequency of Select Features
SLC39A8-CDG should be suspected in probands with the following clinical, laboratory, imaging, and family history findings.
Clinical findings
Mild-to-profound developmental delay and/or intellectual disability
Generalized hypotonia of infancy
No approved treatments are currently available for congenital disorder of glycosylation type II. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
No clinical practice guidelines for SLC39A8-CDG have been published. Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with SLC39A8-CDG, the evaluations summarized (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to the diagnosis) are recommended. Table 4. Recommended Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis in Individuals with SLC39A8-CDG
To monitor existing manifestations, the individual's response to supportive care, and the emergence of new manifestations, the evaluations summarized in are recommended. Table 6. Recommended Surveillance for Individuals with SLC39A8-CDG
No clinical trials have been registered for congenital disorder of glycosylation type II.
16 publications have been identified in PubMed for congenital disorder of glycosylation type II. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (44%), Review / Meta-Analysis (25%), and Case Report / Case Series (25%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 7 | 44% |
Data assembled from 3 of 12 sources · Last updated Oct 4, 2026, 12:12 PM UTC
Common questions about congenital disorder of glycosylation type II
Feature | Proportion of Persons w/Feature | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Developmental delay/intellectual disability | 15/15 | — |
Hypotonia | 15/15 | Truncal postural hypotonia |
Feeding difficulties | 14/15 | — |
Movement disorder | 15/15 | Dyskinetic movements |
Spasticity | 9/15 | Variable (mild to severe) |
Epilepsy | 9/15 | — |
Growth deficiency | 3/15 | — |
Ophthalmologic manifestations | 14/15 | Strabismus, cortical blindness |
Hearing impairment | 3/15 | Developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID). All known individuals exhibit varying degrees of DD and subsequent ID. Milestones of motor development are typically reached with major delays, although some are never reached. |
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
Movement disorder with marked dystonia
Spasticity
Epilepsy, especially severe infantile epileptic spasms not responding to conventional treatment
Ophthalmologic manifestations including cortical blindness and strabismus
Sensorineural hearing impairment
Laboratory findings
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
Early infantile presentation (in those infants who have not yet had an MRI). Many metabolic and genetic disorders that present in infancy share at least some of the clinical features of SLC39A8-CDG. Metabolic disorders in the differential diagnosis of hypotonia, developmental delay, and growth deficiency are summarized in . Table 3a. Metabolic Disorders to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis of SLC39A8-CDG in Infants Who Have Not Yet Had an MRI
Genes | Disorder | Clinical Characteristics | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
169 genes1 | Other CDG CDDG (See CDG-N-Linked Multiple Pathway Overview, PMM2-CDG, NGLY1-CDDG.) | DD; Seizures; Liver disease | CDG CDDG can be clinically indistinguishable. However, the combination of mitochondrial dysfunction dysglycosylation w/ manganese levels is exclusive to SLC39A8-CDG. 300 genes |
20 genes | Peroxisomal biogenesis defects (See Zellweger Spectrum Disorder.) | Multisystem involvement; DD/ID; Neurologic dysfunction; Liver disease | — |
Unlike persons w/peroxisomal biogenesis defects, persons w/SLC39A8-CDG do not have abnormal VLCFAs. 20 genes | Urea cycle disorders/ organic acidemias (See Propionic Acidemia, Glutaric Acidemia Type 1, Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemia, Disorders of Intracellular Cobalamin Metabolism.) | Hypotonia; Growth deficiency; Feeding intolerance; DD/ID | Unlike persons w/urea cycle disorders/ organic acidemias, persons w/SLC39A8-CDG do not typically have episodes of metabolic decompensation or hyperammonemia.; The disorders are further distinguished by the presence of abnormal transferrin glycoform analysis levels of manganese in SLC39A8-CDG. |
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
System/Concern | Evaluation | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Development | Developmental assessment | To incl motor, adaptive, cognitive, speech-language eval; Eval for early intervention/ special education |
Neurologic | Neurologic eval | To incl brain MRI; Consider EEG if seizures are a concern. Feeding/Nutrition |
Eyes | Ophthalmologic eval | To assess for reduced vision, abnormal ocular movement, best corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, strabismus |
Hearing | Audiologic eval | Assess for hearing loss. |
Musculoskeletal | Orthopedics/ physical medicine rehab/ PT OT eval | To incl assessment of:; Gross motor fine motor skills; Contractures, clubfoot, kyphoscoliosis; Mobility, ADL, need for adaptive devices; Need for PT (to improve gross motor skills) /or OT (to improve fine motor skills) |
Genetic counseling | By genetics professionals1 | To obtain a pedigree inform affected persons their families re nature, MOI, implications of SLC39A8-CDG to facilitate medical personal decision making Family support resources |
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
Fever. It is well established that increases in body temperature are associated with further impairment of the residual glycosylation in congenital disorders of glycosylation. Therefore, antipyretic treatment to reduce and/or prevent fever is recommended. Hepatotoxic drugs. In those with evidence of liver dysfunction, hepatotoxic agents should be avoided or used with extreme caution. Drugs contraindicated in mitochondriopathies. Due to secondary impairment of mitochondrial function, agents contraindicated in mitochondriopathies (e.g., valproate) should be avoided in individuals with SLC39A8-CDG.
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
View trials for congenital disorder of glycosylation type II
Evaluation |
|---|
Frequency |
|---|
Development | Monitor developmental progress educational needs. | At each visit Neurologic |
Liver | AST, ALT, albumin | Annually in those w/evidence of liver disease; further follow up as needed Musculoskeletal |
Family/Community | Assess family need for social work support (e.g., palliative/respite care, home nursing, other local resources), care coordination, or follow-up genetic counseling if new questions arise (e.g., family planning). | At each visit ALT = alanine transaminase; AST = aspartate transaminase; DXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; OT = occupational therapy; PT = physical therapy |
Source: GeneReviews — "SLC39A8-CDG"
Research summaries
4 |
25% |
Patient case studies | 4 | 25% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 6% |
Reynolds G (2026). [PMID: 41392699](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41392699/). *Am J Med Genet A*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Damiano C (2026). [PMID: 41554119](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41554119/). *J Inherit Metab Dis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Starosta RT (2026). [PMID: 41529427](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41529427/). *Mol Genet Metab*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ochotnicka J (2026). [PMID: 41861498](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41861498/). *Thromb Res*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Ersoy M (2026). [PMID: 41334607](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334607/). *Clin Genet*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Özgün N (2025). [PMID: 39896699](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39896699/). *Iranian journal of child neurology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Wang WA (2025). [PMID: 39884836](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39884836/). *Life Sci Alliance*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Falkenstein K (2025). [PMID: 40613041](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40613041/). *Hum Mutat*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zang L (2025). [PMID: 40869158](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40869158/). *Int J Mol Sci*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Rahiyab M (2025). [PMID: 40117797](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40117797/). *Comput Biol Med*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
AI-curated news mentioning congenital disorder of glycosylation type II
Updated Jul 22, 2026
A novel variant of the ZIP8 gene has been characterized, revealing its role in impaired manganese homeostasis and its association with congenital disorders of glycosylation. This discovery could lead to further research on the genetic basis of these disorders.
A recent study published in PubMed explores the tissue-specific expression and regulation of genes associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation. Utilizing GTEx data, the research provides insights into the genetic underpinnings of these rare diseases.