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Congenital sideroblastic anemia -B cell immunodeficiency- periodic fever-developmental delay syndrome is a form of constitutional sideroblastic anemia, characterized by severe microcytic anemia, B-cell lymphopenia, panhypogammaglobulinemia and variable neurodegeneration. The disease presents in infancy with recurrent febrile illnesses, gastrointestinal disturbances, developmental delay, seizures, ataxia and sensorineural deafness. Most patients require regular blood transfusion, iron chelation, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement. Stem cell transplantation has been reported to be successful.
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 5:41 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Features include always present findings: Hypochromic microcytic anemia, Sideroblastic anemia, and Brittle hair; and very common findings: Global developmental delay and Decreased total B cell count. 25 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 6 | Seizure, Ataxia, Brain shrinkage (cerebral atrophy) |
Muscles | 5 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia), Generalized hypotonia, Axial hypotonia |
Blood and immune system | 3 | Hypochromic microcytic anemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Nephrocalcinosis |
Digestive system | 1 | Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) |
Metabolism | 1 | Periodic fever |
Ears | 1 | Inner ear hearing loss (sensorineural hearing impairment) |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) |
Growth and development | 1 | Growth delay |
Age of onset: infancy.
TRNT1 function has not been fully characterized.
Congenital sideroblastic anemia-B-cell immunodeficiency-periodic fever-developmental delay syndrome is caused by mutations in the TRNT1 gene on chromosome 3.
Genetic testing for TRNT1 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 3 always present features, 2 very common features, 9 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for congenital sideroblastic anemia-B-cell immunodeficiency-periodic fever-developmental delay syndrome.
4 publications have been identified in PubMed for congenital sideroblastic anemia-B-cell immunodeficiency-periodic fever-developmental delay syndrome. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (25%), Case Report / Case Series (25%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (25%).
Su TH (2026). [PMID: 41795040](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41795040/). *J Clin Immunol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Belhaj R (2025). [PMID: 39842709](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39842709/). *Transfus Clin Biol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Ahmed D (2025). [PMID: 41019077](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41019077/). *Front Immunol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Kanegane H (2025). [PMID: 40498270](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40498270/). *Int J Hematol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]