Kisho is an information platform, not a medical provider. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. All content is aggregated from publicly available sources (including ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, FDA.gov, and Orphanet) and is provided for informational purposes only. Clinical trial eligibility, treatment decisions, and any health-related actions should always be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional. Kisho does not endorse any specific therapy, organization, or clinical trial. Terms of use · Privacy policy
No HPO annotations are available for this condition.
Age of onset: infancy.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), immunodeficiency, and a mild bleeding tendency. These features are present in nearly all individuals with CHS but to a very variable degree. Affected individuals with severe presentations (i.e., OCA; early-onset, recurrent, severe infections; and a bleeding diathesis) are considered to have "classic" CHS. Individuals with milder phenotypes (e.g., later-onset, milder pigmentary, immunologic, and hematologic features) are considered to have "atypical" CHS (also referred to as "mild" or "adolescent" CHS).
The diagnosis of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) should be suspected in a proband with any of the following clinical features, supportive laboratory findings, and family history.
Clinical features
Source: GeneReviews — "Chediak-Higashi Syndrome"
No approved treatments are currently available for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
Gene therapy approaches for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles have been reported in the published literature.
No clinical practice guidelines for Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) have been published. In the absence of published guidelines, the following recommendations are based on the authors' personal experience managing individuals with this disorder.
To monitor existing manifestations, the individual's response to supportive care, and the emergence of new manifestations, the evaluations in are recommended.
Table 6.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Recommended Surveillance
System/Concern | Evaluation | Frequency
| Ophthalmologic exam | At least annually or as directed by treating ophthalmologist
No clinical trials have been registered for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles.
13 publications have been identified in PubMed for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (54%), Diagnostic / Biomarker (15%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (15%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 7 | 54% |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 5:40 PM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Source: GeneReviews — "Chediak-Higashi Syndrome"
The diagnosis of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) should be considered in individuals with pigment dilution defects of the hair, skin, or eyes; congenital or transient neutropenia; immunodeficiency; and otherwise unexplained neurologic abnormalities or neurodegeneration. Each of these findings may be variably represented or absent in affected individuals; therefore, heightened suspicion is needed to pursue an accurate diagnosis.
Table 3.
Genes of Interest in the Differential Diagnosis of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Gene(s) | Disorder | MOI | Clinical Features | Comment
AP3B1
AP3D1
BLOC1S3
BLOC1S5
BLOC1S6
DTNBP1
HPS1
HPS3
HPS4
HPS5
HPS6 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) | AR | • OCA a bleeding diathesis secondary to absent platelet-dense bodies
Source: GeneReviews — "Chediak-Higashi Syndrome"
Biomarker and diagnostic research for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles has been reported in the published literature.
To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), the evaluations summarized (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to the diagnosis) are recommended.
Table 4.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Recommended Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis
System/Concern | Evaluation | Comment
| By pediatric or adult ophthalmologist depending on age | • Assess for signs of pigment (see OCA/OA Overview) refractive errors.
Consider OCT to provide baseline retinal fiber thickness.
| Screening for history of frequent or unusual infections | Referral to immunologist /or hematologist/oncologist for consideration of eval for HSCT
| By hematologist | Platelet aggregation studies /or platelet EM for dense body analysis
| By pediatric or adult neurologist depending on age | • Neurologic exam
Specialized testing if abnormalities identified on clinical exam
| Child | Developmental/educational assessment | • To incl motor, adaptive, cognitive, speech-language eval
Eval for early intervention/ need for IEP /or 504 plan
| Neuropsychologist | Measures of mood, memory, attention, processing speed, ...
Source: GeneReviews — "Chediak-Higashi Syndrome"
View trials for disorder of lysosomal-related organelles
Skin | Dermatologic exam for routine monitoring of persons w/hypopigmentation | At least annually
| Post HSCT: monitoring of chimerism1,2 ongoing post-transplant follow up | According to local center recommendations
If persons have not undergone HSCT, monitor for signs of HLH using combination of:
Abdominal ultrasound
Complete blood count
Ferritin concentration
Serum triglycerides
Fibrinogen level
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor level
Consider bone marrow biopsy if findings of above studies suggest HLH. | At least annually, but more frequently if changes in clinical status
| Monitor developmental progress educational needs. | At each visit
| By primary care physician or psychologist/neuropsychologist | If changes in clinical status
| Neurologic exam for signs of peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, signs suggestive of parkinsonism, or other changes from baseline daily functioning independence | Specialized testing at discretion of treating neurologist based on clinical findings
| Physical medicine, OT/PT assessment of mobility, self-help skills | At each visit
| Assess ...
Source: GeneReviews — "Chediak-Higashi Syndrome"
Testing and diagnosis research
2 |
15% |
Research summaries | 2 | 15% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 8% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 8% |
Li X (2026). [PMID: 42058186](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42058186/). *Front Immunol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Bui S (2026). [PMID: 41654130](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41654130/). *The Journal of biological chemistry*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Pedroza LA (2025). [PMID: 39813120](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39813120/). *Cell reports*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Van Acker ZP (2025). [PMID: 39367555](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367555/). *BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Pascual A (2025). [PMID: 41096722](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41096722/). *International journal of molecular sciences*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Wang J (2025). [PMID: 39838438](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39838438/). *European journal of medical research*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Liu X (2025). [PMID: 40188411](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40188411/). *Archives of toxicology*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zhu X (2024). [PMID: 39150655](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39150655/). *Metabolic brain disease*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Subramanian G (2024). [PMID: 39339853](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39339853/). *Viruses*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Hutchings AJ (2024). [PMID: 39366938](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39366938/). *Nature communications*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]