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Features include common findings: Head tremor; and sometimes findings: Shrinkage of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy), Cerebral cortical atrophy, and Arrhythmia. 11 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 7 | Axial dystonia, Difficulty walking (gait disturbance), Cerebral cortical atrophy |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for dystonia 23 has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 1 common feature.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for dystonia 23.
127 publications have been identified in PubMed for dystonia 23. Research spans Epidemiology / Natural History (20%), Case Report / Case Series (18%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (17%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Disease patterns and progression | 25 | 20% |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 12:59 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Muscles
3 |
Writer's cramp, Shrinkage of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy), Cerebral cortical atrophy |
Arms and legs | 1 | Limb dystonia |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Arrhythmia |
23 |
18% |
Research summaries | 22 | 17% |
Laboratory research | 22 | 17% |
Clinical study results | 19 | 15% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 11 | 9% |
New treatment approaches | 3 | 2% |
Other research | 1 | 1% |
Garg RK (2026). [PMID: 41122928](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41122928/). *Mov Disord Clin Pract*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zhou X (2026). [PMID: 42119286](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119286/). *Brain Dev*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Prvulovic ST (2026). [PMID: 41770676](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41770676/). *Stereotact Funct Neurosurg*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Pinto JV (2026). [PMID: 38155056](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38155056/). *J Voice*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Heath O (2026). [PMID: 41719910](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41719910/). *Mol Genet Metab*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Banerjee S (2026). [PMID: 41265258](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41265258/). *Clin Neurophysiol*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Henderson KE (2026). [PMID: 41702810](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41702810/). *J Voice*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Berlot R (2026). [PMID: 41509714](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41509714/). *Brain Commun*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Blumenfeld AM (2026). [PMID: 41680347](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41680347/). *Pain Ther*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Prasuhn J (2026). [PMID: 42036356](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42036356/). *Mov Disord*. [Clinical Trial Publication]