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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder affecting skeletal muscles of the face, scapula, upper arms, and lower legs, with later hip girdle involvement (GeneReviews). Age of onset is variable but typically occurs in the teenage years. Prevalence is reported as 1–9 per 100,000 (Orphanet). Recognized subtypes include FSHD type 1, FSHD type 2, FSHD type 3 (digenic), and FSHD type 4 (digenic).
Phenotypes documented at very frequent frequency (80–99%) include skeletal muscle atrophy, mask-like facies, scapular winging, progressive muscle weakness, hyperlordosis, and elevated circulating creatine kinase. Features at frequent frequency (30–79%) include EMG myopathic abnormalities, Beevor's sign, camptocormia, and gait disturbance. Affected organ systems certified in this packet are the musculature, skeletal system, and eye. GeneReviews notes that asymmetry of limb and facial weakness is common.
The packet definition cites autosomal dominant inheritance. No causative genes are listed in the known_genes field of this packet. GeneReviews notes genotype-phenotype correlations involving D4Z4 repeat array contraction size.
Per GeneReviews, FSHD is considered in individuals with weakness predominantly involving facial, scapular stabilizer, and foot dorsiflexor muscles, often asymmetric and progressive. Evidence-based diagnostic guidelines for FSHD are noted as available in GeneReviews.
No FDA-approved treatments are certified in this packet. Several agents hold orphan drug designation for FSHD, including an antibody oligonucleotide conjugate targeting DUX4 (Avidity Biosciences), losmapimod (Fulcrum Therapeutics), and an AAV-based gene therapy targeting DUX4 (Armatus Bio); these carry designation status only and are not approved.
25 trials found
GeneReviews describes progressive muscle weakness as the characteristic natural history feature of FSHD. No survival data or quantified milestones are certified in this packet.
Numerous active clinical trial records are present (22 active per packet). Studies include a Phase 2 trial evaluating apitegromab for FSHD (NCT07435129, Scholar Rock, recruiting through 2028) and an MRI and spectroscopy biomarker study (NCT01671865, active). Active clinical trials for this condition are listed on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Oct 3, 2026, 4:11 PM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
AI-curated news mentioning facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Updated Sep 3, 2026
A recent study highlights de novo facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy as a severe subtype linked to D4Z4 repeat contractions. This discovery enhances understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying this condition.
A response has been published addressing concerns raised in a letter to the editor about mortality associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). This systematic literature review highlights the complexities of mortality in FSHD, contributing to the ongoing discourse in the scientific community.
Epicrispr secures funding to support clinical development of EPI-321, a gene therapy targeting muscular dystrophy treatment Ultimately, our vision is to establish programmable epigenetic medicines as an entirely new therapeutic modality, with the potential to treat diseases that have historically been beyond the reach of conventional approaches.” · Related:Poolbeg CEO delves inside the UK’s record $2.84bn fundraising quarter ... The LSX USA Congress gathers leaders from the US biotech, medtech, and healthtech sectors to network, showcase innovations, and explore partnership opportunities. Related:Vaderis secures $152m to advance rare disease treatment · EPI-321 is designed to be delivered intravenously via a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. The drug aims to durably suppress pathological DUX4 expression without permanently altering the underlying DNA sequence. This Series C marks a shift in the company's fundraising approach compared with earlier rounds, according to Salzman. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy, affecting hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. There are currently no approved disease-modifying therapies. Salzman shared that the disease is a perfect match for the company's approach.
Epicrispr Biotechnologies and Infinimmune have secured a combined $165 million in venture capital funding. Epicrispr aims to develop an epigenetic treatment for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, while Infinimmune will focus on advancing antibodies for atopic dermatitis.
Epicrispr secures $90 million in funding to advance its epigenetic editing drug for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. The company has completed enrollment for an early-stage study, positioning itself in a competitive landscape with multiple drugmakers targeting this rare muscle disease.