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Any fetal akinesia deformation sequence in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RAPSN gene.
Features include always present findings: Downslanted palpebral fissures, Tented upper lip vermilion, Wide nasal bridge, and Flexion contracture and others; and common findings: Cleft palate and Weak cry. 17 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Head and neck | 3 | Cleft palate, Tented upper lip vermilion, High palate |
RAPSN function has not been fully characterized.
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 2 is associated with mutations in the RAPSN gene on chromosome 11.
Genetic testing for RAPSN is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for fetal akinesia deformation sequence 2 has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 13 always present features, 2 common features.
No clinical trials have been registered for fetal akinesia deformation sequence 2.
9 publications have been identified in PubMed for fetal akinesia deformation sequence 2. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (44%), Basic Science / Preclinical (22%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (22%).
Wang L (2026). [PMID: 41800136](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41800136/). *PeerJ*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Arduç A (2026). [PMID: 40195522](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40195522/). *European journal of human genetics : EJHG*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Civit A (2026). [PMID: 41230573](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41230573/). *American journal of medical genetics. Part A*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Kido J (2026). [PMID: 41826296](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41826296/). *Human genome variation*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Shravya MS (2025). [PMID: 39807604](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39807604/). *Clinical dysmorphology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 1:07 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Muscles |
2 |
Flexion contracture, Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Pregnancy and birth | 2 | Decreased fetal movement, Fetal akinesia sequence |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Difficulty breathing (respiratory insufficiency) |
Digestive system | 1 | Feeding difficulties in infancy |
Age of onset: before birth.
El Gazzane S (2025). [PMID: 40144631](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40144631/). *Clinical medicine insights. Case reports*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Cocanougher BT (2024). [PMID: 38566418](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38566418/). *HGG advances*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Rogers A (2024). [PMID: 38577897](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38577897/). *The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Fan L (2024). [PMID: 38937733](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38937733/). *BMC medical genomics*. [Case Report / Case Series]