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Hypercalcemia generally develops as a late complication of malignancy; its appearance has grave prognostic significance. It remains unclear, however, whether death is associated with hypercalcemic crisis (uncontrolled or recurrent progressive hypercalcemia) or with advanced disease. Symptoms include central nervous system impairment such as delirium with prominent symptoms of personality change, cognitive dysfunction, disorientation, incoherent speech, and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, smooth muscle hypotonicity, and altered cardiovascular function.
4 FDA-approved treatments are available for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, including DENOSUMAB-BMWO (STOBOCLO, approved 2025), DENOSUMAB (BILPREVDA, approved 2025), and ZOLEDRONIC ACID (ZOLEDRONIC ACID, approved 2013). An additional 4 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Mechanism | Approved |
|---|
No clinical trials have been registered for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
74 publications have been identified in PubMed for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (61%), Review / Meta-Analysis (18%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (8%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 43 | 61% |
Data assembled from 3 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 12:22 PM UTC
OZILTUS | DENOSUMAB-MOBZ | — | 2025 | Available |
BILPREVDA | DENOSUMAB | — | 2025 | Available |
STOBOCLO | DENOSUMAB-BMWO | — | 2025 | Available |
ZOLEDRONIC ACID | ZOLEDRONIC ACID | — | 2013 | Available |
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor | Designated | Exclusivity End | Designation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zometa, Zabel | Zoledronate | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. | 2000 | 2008 | Designated (drug approved for other indication) |
Disodium clodronate | Disodium clodronate | Discovery Experimental & Development, Inc. | 1993 | — | Designated |
Ganite | Gallium nitrate injection | Solopak Pharmaceutical Co. | 1988 | 1998 | Withdrawn |
Didronel | Etidronate disodium | MGI Pharma, Inc. | 1986 | 1994 | Designated (drug approved for other indication) |
Gene therapy approaches for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy have been reported in the published literature.
View trials for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
Research summaries
13 |
18% |
Disease patterns and progression | 6 | 8% |
Clinical study results | 5 | 7% |
New treatment approaches | 3 | 4% |
Laboratory research | 1 | 1% |
Kanduri SR (2026). [PMID: 41623290](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41623290/). *Kidney Med*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Hirose T (2026). [PMID: 41924640](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41924640/). *Surg Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Greear EL (2026). [PMID: 36251832](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36251832/). *Unknown Journal*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Hildebrand GK (2026). [PMID: 30571009](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571009/). *Unknown Journal*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Yano F (2026). [PMID: 41567516](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41567516/). *IJU Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Pescetelli LE (2026). [PMID: 41557207](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41557207/). *Vet Res Commun*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Shami B (2026). [PMID: 41789219](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41789219/). *Ann Med Surg (Lond)*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ballard T (2026). [PMID: 31869137](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31869137/). *Unknown Journal*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Pan S (2026). [PMID: 41662178](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41662178/). *J Vis Exp*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Korkmaz HA (2026). [PMID: 41964515](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41964515/). *Pediatr Blood Cancer*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]