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An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by moderate to severe intellectual deficit in boys and moderate intellectual deficit in girls. It has been described in 14 members from four generations of one family. Macrocephaly was reported and holoprosencephaly may also be present (two family members). The mode of transmission is X-linked semi-dominant.
Features include always present findings: Intellectual disability; and very common findings: Motor delay, Delayed speech and language development, and Delayed ability to walk. 77 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 10 | Seizure, Intellectual disability, Spastic diplegia |
Head and neck | 8 | Microcephaly, Triangular face, Thin upper lip vermilion |
Muscles | 5 | Flexion contracture, Generalized hypotonia, Skeletal muscle atrophy |
Arms and legs | 4 | Short foot, Overlapping toe, Tapered finger |
Eyes | 4 | Strabismus, Nystagmus, Damage to the optic nerve (optic atrophy) |
Bones and joints | 3 | Skeletal muscle atrophy, Delayed skeletal maturation, Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis) |
Ears | 1 | Hearing loss (hearing impairment) |
Growth and development | 1 | Short stature |
Skin | 1 | Small nail |
HUWE1 encodes HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (4,374 aa). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulates apoptosis by catalyzing the polyubiquitination and degradation of MCL1. Highest expression in Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes (100.8 TPM) and Cells Cultured fibroblasts (64.7 TPM).
Intellectual disability, X-linked syndromic, Turner type is associated with mutations in the HUWE1 gene on chromosome X.
HUWE1 is classified as a druggable target (Enzyme category) with score 0.0.
Genetic testing for HUWE1 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 1 always present feature, 3 very common features, 18 common features.
No clinical trials have been registered for intellectual disability, X-linked syndromic, Turner type.
3 publications have been identified in PubMed for intellectual disability, X-linked syndromic, Turner type. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (33%), Basic Science / Preclinical (33%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (33%).
Li XT (2025). [PMID: 41462142](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41462142/). *BMC Pregnancy Childbirth*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
De Falco A (2025). [PMID: 39629746](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39629746/). *Am J Med Genet A*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zhan X (2024). [PMID: 38664011](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38664011/). *J Neurosci*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 11:23 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center