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A low, intermediate, or high grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung. This category includes typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined carcinoma.
No HPO annotations are available for this condition.
Retinoblastoma. The most common presenting sign is a white pupillary reflex (leukocoria). Strabismus is the second most common presenting sign and may accompany or precede leukocoria . Unusual presenting signs include glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, uveitis, hyphema, or vitreous hemorrhage. Most affected children are diagnosed before age five years. Atypical manifestations are more frequent in older children. Probands with retinoblastoma usually present in one of the following clinical settings:
Guidelines for diagnosis and care of children and families affected by retinoblastoma have been published .
Retinoblastoma should be suspected in children with any of the following:
Leukocoria (white pupil)
Strabismus
Change in eye appearance
No approved treatments are currently available for lung neuroendocrine neoplasm. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
Gene therapy approaches for lung neuroendocrine neoplasm have been reported in the published literature.
Guidelines for retinoblastoma care have been developed (see and Kenya National Retinoblastoma Strategy Best Practice Guidelines).
To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with retinoblastoma, the following evaluations (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to the diagnosis) are recommended:
Guidelines for clinical screening for children at risk have been published . Further information regarding medical surveillance for those who have had or are at risk of developing retinoblastoma is available in the guidelines for retinoblastoma care. Children who have undergone successful treatment require frequent follow-up examination for early detection of newly arising intraocular tumors, as indicated in the guidelines.
Table 3.
Retinoblastoma: Recommended Surveillance for Individuals at Risk and Affected Individuals
12 clinical trials registered, 2 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, other interventions, procedural interventions, and biologic therapy. Pipeline includes 2 PHASE3, 5 PHASE2, 1 PHASE1. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT05918302](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05918302) |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 7:50 AM UTC
Source: GeneReviews — "Retinoblastoma"
Reduced visual acuity
should be suspected in an individual with any of the following:
Diagnosis of retinoblastoma, including unilateral (unifocal and multifocal) and bilateral involvement
Retinoma
Family history of retinoblastoma
The diagnosis of retinoblastoma is established in a proband by retinal examination with full pupillary dilatation by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Confirmation of the diagnosis and determination of the disease extent is accomplished by examination under anes...
Source: GeneReviews — "Retinoblastoma"
Several hereditary ocular conditions of childhood can clinically simulate retinoblastoma:
NDP-related persistent fetal vasculature and NDP-related Coats disease (See NDP-Related Retinopathies.)
• Tuberous sclerosis complex
Norrie disease (See NDP-Related Retinopathies.)
• Incontinentia pigmenti
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (See Phenotypic Series: Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.)
• Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Ocular infestation by Toxocara canis can also clinically simulate retinoblastoma.
Source: GeneReviews — "Retinoblastoma"
Biomarker and diagnostic research for lung neuroendocrine neoplasm has been reported in the published literature.
Source: GeneReviews — "Retinoblastoma"
12 trials found
System/Concern | Evaluation | Frequency
| • Eye exam under anesthesia (in young children)
Clinical eye exams w/o anesthesia once children are cooperative w/exam
| • Every 3-4 wks until age 6 mos
Every 2 mos from age 6 mos-3 yrs
Every 3-6 mos from age 3-7 yrs
Annually from age 7-10 yrs
Every 2 yrs from age 10 yrs
Prompt clinical investigation of any signs/symptoms of subsequent non-ocular malignant neoplasms1 | Ongoing education of affected persons caregivers w/clinical investigation as needed
| • Clinical eye exam (w/o anesthesia)
Eye ultrasound
| • Every 3-6 mos from diagnosis to 7 yrs
Every 2 yrs from age 7 yrs
| • Retinal exams
Photographic imaging to detect any change early
| Every 1-2 yrs
| Prompt clinical investigation of any signs/symptoms of malignant neoplasms1 |
Source: GeneReviews — "Retinoblastoma"
Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy Compared to Everolimus in Somatostatin Receptor Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung and Thymus. |
PHASE3 |
Grupo Espanol de Tumores Neuroendocrinos |
RECRUITING |
[NCT06523582](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06523582) | Genetic Bases of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Mexican Patients | — | Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico | RECRUITING |
154 publications have been identified in PubMed for lung neuroendocrine neoplasm. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (31%), Epidemiology / Natural History (16%), and Clinical Trial Publication (16%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 48 | 31% |
Disease patterns and progression | 25 | 16% |
Clinical study results | 24 | 16% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 20 | 13% |
Patient case studies | 17 | 11% |
Laboratory research | 16 | 10% |
New treatment approaches | 3 | 2% |
Other research | 1 | 1% |
Marinoni I (2026). [PMID: 41238828](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41238828/). *Virchows Arch*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Su J (2026). [PMID: 41653198](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41653198/). *Cancer Immunol Immunother*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Virata MC (2026). [PMID: 41903203](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41903203/). *Neuro Oncol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Leung WK (2026). [PMID: 41057234](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057234/). *Gut*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Tsuji K (2026). [PMID: 42059931](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42059931/). *Virchows Arch*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Boualoy T (2026). [PMID: 30725765](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725765/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Aviel G (2026). [PMID: 41922295](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41922295/). *J Neuroendocrinol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Kennecke H (2026). [PMID: 41562331](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41562331/). *Endocr Relat Cancer*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Sheng YH (2026). [PMID: 41693974](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41693974/). *World J Gastroenterol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
van den Heerik ASVM (2026). [PMID: 41449145](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41449145/). *Lancet Oncol*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
AI-curated news mentioning lung neuroendocrine neoplasm
Updated Jun 2, 2026
Recent research indicates that hormone secretion is a predictor of poor prognosis in lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. This finding could influence future treatment strategies and patient management.