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Any multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome-intellectual disability in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PIGA gene.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 23 | Encephalopathy, Exaggerated startle response, Focal clonic seizure |
Muscles | 8 | Limb joint contracture, Shrinkage of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy), Cerebral cortical atrophy |
Digestive system | 6 | Starry sky appearance on hepatic sonography, Hepatic steatosis, Hepatic failure |
Head and neck | 5 | High, narrow palate, Decreased facial expression, Coarse facial features |
Skin | 4 | Seborrheic dermatitis, Redundant neck skin, Psoriasiform dermatitis |
Heart and blood vessels | 4 | Thickened left heart wall (left ventricular hypertrophy), Ventricular arrhythmia, Widened subarachnoid space |
Lungs and breathing | 4 | Apnea, Aspiration pneumonia, Acute aspiration pneumonia |
Bones and joints | 3 | Limb joint contracture, Abnormal joint morphology, Skeletal muscle atrophy |
Arms and legs | 3 | Limb joint contracture, Tapered finger, Upper limb spasticity |
Eyes | 3 | Cerebral visual impairment, Bilateral ptosis, Abnormal central area of the retina (abnormal macular morphology) |
Growth and development | 1 | Short stature |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Fetal distress |
Ears | 1 | Hearing loss (hearing impairment) |
PIGA function has not been fully characterized.
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 is associated with mutations in the PIGA gene on chromosome X.
Genetic testing for PIGA is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 80 always present features, 1 very common feature, 12 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2.
29 publications have been identified in PubMed for multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (31%), Epidemiology / Natural History (24%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (21%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 9 | 31% |
Disease patterns and progression | 7 | 24% |
Laboratory research | 6 | 21% |
Patient case studies | 3 | 10% |
Clinical study results | 2 | 7% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 7% |
Huang D (2026). [PMID: 41970642](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41970642/). *Front Genet*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Zhou M (2026). [PMID: 41352325](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41352325/). *Seizure*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Laux L (2026). [PMID: 41780062](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41780062/). *N Engl J Med*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
GBD 2023 Disease and Injury and Risk Factor Collaborators (2025). [PMID: 41092926](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41092926/). *Lancet*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
GBD 2023 Demographics Collaborators (2025). [PMID: 41092927](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41092927/). *Lancet*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Wagner M (2025). [PMID: 40263630](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40263630/). *Nat Med*. [Case Report / Case Series]
GBD 2023 Causes of Death Collaborators (2025). [PMID: 41092928](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41092928/). *Lancet*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Ji X (2025). [PMID: 40390087](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40390087/). *BMC Med Genomics*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
van Wegberg AMJ (2025). [PMID: 40378670](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40378670/). *Mol Genet Metab*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Perulli M (2025). [PMID: 41165013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41165013/). *Epilepsia Open*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 5:38 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center