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Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A (OCA1A) is the most severe form of OCA, where no melanin is produced, and is characterized by white hair and skin, blue, fully translucent irises, nystagmus and misrouting of the optic nerves.
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 18, 2026, 11:30 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Eyes | 5 | Strabismus, Nystagmus, Ocular albinism |
Skin | 5 | Absent skin pigmentation, Thickened, rough skin (hyperkeratosis), Hypopigmentation of the skin |
TYR function has not been fully characterized.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A is associated with mutations in the TYR gene on chromosome 11.
Genetic testing for TYR is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for oculocutaneous albinism type 1A has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 8 very common features, 4 common features.
Estimated prevalence: 1-9 in 100,000 (Uncommon).
No clinical trials have been registered for oculocutaneous albinism type 1A.
35 publications have been identified in PubMed for oculocutaneous albinism type 1A. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (43%), Case Report / Case Series (29%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (14%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 15 | 43% |
Patient case studies | 10 | 29% |
Disease patterns and progression | 5 | 14% |
New treatment approaches | 3 | 9% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 1 | 3% |
Research summaries | 1 | 3% |
Dolinska MB (2026). [PMID: 41752073](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41752073/). *International journal of molecular sciences*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
George A (2026). [PMID: 42137598](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42137598/). *Mol Ther Adv*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Rooks E (2026). [PMID: 41452597](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41452597/). *JAMA ophthalmology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Farooq M (2026). [PMID: 41807736](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41807736/). *European journal of human genetics : EJHG*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Eager KLM (2026). [PMID: 42101288](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42101288/). *Anim Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Amagata Y (2026). [PMID: 41606791](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41606791/). *Clinical and experimental dermatology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Montané C (2026). [PMID: 42083716](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42083716/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Moro-Muniz M (2026). [PMID: 42177986](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42177986/). *Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed)*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Froment A (2026). [PMID: 41521385](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41521385/). *Pigment cell & melanoma research*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Shihab RN (2025). [PMID: 40860304](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40860304/). *Clinical case reports*. [Case Report / Case Series]