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RIN2 syndrome, formerly known as macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, is a very rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by macrocephaly, sparse scalp hair, soft-redundant and hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis. Patients have progressive facial coarsening with downslanted palpebral fissures, upper eyelid fullness/infraorbital folds, thick/everted vermillion, gingival overgrowth and abnormal position of the teeth. Rarer manifestations such as abnormal high-pitched voice, bronchiectasis, hypergonadotropic hypergonadism and brachydactyly have also been reported.
Features include always present findings: Epicanthus, Long philtrum, Low muscle tone (hypotonia), and Prolonged bleeding time and others; and very common findings: Irregular dentition and Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis). 46 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Skin | 5 | Alopecia, Soft skin, Hyperextensible skin |
RIN2 function has not been fully characterized.
RIN2 syndrome is caused by mutations in the RIN2 gene on chromosome 20.
Genetic testing for RIN2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 25 always present features, 2 very common features, 10 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for RIN2 syndrome.
2 publications have been identified in PubMed for RIN2 syndrome. Research spans Other (100%).
Gutiérrez Romero E (2025). [PMID: 41466732](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41466732/). *Adv Lab Med*. [Other]
Ben Kridis W (2024). [PMID: 39386197](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39386197/). *Front Oncol*. [Other]
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 5:18 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about RIN2 syndrome
Head and neck |
3 |
Coarse facial features, High palate, Macrocephaly |
Bones and joints | 3 | Weak and brittle bones (osteoporosis), Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis), Joint hypermobility |
Brain and nerves | 2 | Diffuse white matter abnormalities, Fatigue |
Growth and development | 1 | Short stature |
Muscles | 1 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Blood and immune system | 1 | Prolonged bleeding time |
Hormones | 1 | Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Bronchiectasis |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Aortic aneurysm |