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Robinow syndrome (RS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by limb shortening and abnormalities of the head, face and external genitalia.
Features include very common findings: Mesomelia and Short stature; and common findings: Hypertelorism, Small for gestational age, Acromesomelia, and External genital hypoplasia and others. 65 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Heart and blood vessels | 3 | Abnormal heart morphology, Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect |
ROR2-related Robinow syndrome should be suspected in individuals with the following clinical findings and .
Craniofacial findings in early childhood :
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
No approved treatments are currently available for Robinow syndrome. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with ROR2-related Robinow syndrome, the evaluations summarized in this section (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to the diagnosis) are recommended:
The following are appropriate:
Surveillance for evidence of scoliosis until growth is completed
Dental evaluation every six months to one year or as recommended by the dental professional on initial assessment
Regular cardiac and renal assessment by respective specialists as needed if abnormalities are identified
No clinical trials have been registered for Robinow syndrome.
14 publications have been identified in PubMed for Robinow syndrome. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (71%), Case Report / Case Series (21%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (7%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 10 | 71% |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 3:29 AM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about Robinow syndrome
Bones and joints |
3 |
Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis), Kyphoscoliosis, Fused thoracic vertebrae |
Head and neck | 2 | Orofacial cleft, Macrocephaly |
Skin | 2 | Small nail, Nail dysplasia |
Growth and development | 1 | Short stature |
Brain and nerves | 1 | Depressed nasal bridge |
Arms and legs | 1 | Short distal phalanx of finger |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Pulmonary valve atresia |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Multicystic kidney dysplasia |
Ears | 1 | Mixed hearing impairment |
Age of onset: infancy.
ROR2-related Robinow syndrome is characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, skeletal abnormalities, and other anomalies. Craniofacial. Facies are characteristic at birth and in early childhood . The face in early childhood resembles a fetal face at eight weeks' gestation; this becomes less noticeable with age. Accelerated growth of the nose in adolescence gives the face a more normal appearance, but the broad forehead, broad nasal root, and ocular hypertelorism persist into adulthood. Midline cleft lip and palate has been reported but is not a common finding. A rather unusual form of clefting involving the lower lip has been described in some individuals.
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
NXN-related Robinow syndrome (OMIM 618529), an autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome, was described in three individuals with biallelic NXN pathogenic variants from two unrelated families. All three had classic clinical findings of Robinow syndrome including typical craniofacial features, mesomelic shortening, and brachydactyly . One individual, born to consanguineous parents, was homozygous for a nonsense NXN variant; the two affected sibs in the other family had compound heterozygous NXN pathogenic variants. Note: The NXN protein is a relevant partner in the WNT5A signaling pathway that is intimately involved in Robinow syndrome causation. ROR2 binds to WNT5A and interacts with FZD2.
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
Orthodontics consultation as needed for misaligned, crowded teeth
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the spine and rib cage to assess the severity of kyphoscoliosis and vertebral and rib anomalies, as these can lead to postural and respiratory complications
Radiographic documentation of radioulnar synostosis, forearm shortening, and brachydactyly
Urology consultation in males with cryptorchidism and abnormal penile insertion / penoscrotal transposition for consideration of reconstructive surgery
Endocrine consultation to assess the possibility of hormone therapy for males with micropenis
Renal ultrasound examination
Echocardiogram to evaluate for structural heart defects
Consultation with a clinical geneticist and/or genetic counselor
Corrective surgeries may be required for the following:
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
Search ClinicalTrials.gov in the US and EU Clinical Trials Register in Europe for information on clinical studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions. Note: There may not be clinical trials for this disorder.
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
View trials for Robinow syndrome
Source: GeneReviews — "ROR2-Related Robinow Syndrome"
Phenotype severity distribution: 2 very common features, 5 common features.
Estimated prevalence: Unknown (Unknown prevalence).
3 |
21% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 7% |
Kantaputra P (2026). [PMID: 41265171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41265171/). *Int Dent J*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Houchen CJ (2026). [PMID: 42110975](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42110975/). *JBMR Plus*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Sridharan A (2026). [PMID: 41477475](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41477475/). *JCEM Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Kyei-Barffour I (2026). [PMID: 41744802](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41744802/). *Cells*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Aljeaid D (2026). [PMID: 42144731](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42144731/). *Mol Genet Genomic Med*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Zhong ZA (2025). [PMID: 41510274](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41510274/). *Res Sq*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Houchen CJ (2025). [PMID: 40777421](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40777421/). *bioRxiv*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Brinkmeier ML (2025). [PMID: 40044116](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40044116/). *Hum Mol Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Brinkmeier ML (2025). [PMID: 39975280](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39975280/). *bioRxiv*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Zhang C (2025). [PMID: 40766624](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40766624/). *bioRxiv*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
AI-curated news mentioning Robinow syndrome
Updated Jun 16, 2026
A novel pathogenic variant in the DVL1 gene has been identified and functionally characterized in patients with Robinow syndrome. This discovery enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of this rare condition.