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A retinopathy, which may include conditions described as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, caused by biallelic variants in the RPE65 gene.
No HPO annotations are available for this condition.
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 1:02 AM UTC
Common questions about RPE65-related recessive retinopathy
The three phenotypes of autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration, from most severe to mildest, are Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD), and juvenile retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Systemic manifestations have not been reported in autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration. RPE65-related LCA is a severe inherited retinal degeneration with onset of visual manifestations frequently within in the first year of life . Visual function is generally poor (but in some instances central vision is variably preserved) and is often accompanied by nystagmus and sluggish or near-absent pupillary responses.
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
No consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration have been published.
Autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration should be suspected in individuals with the following clinical, electroretinographic, and imaging findings and family history.
Clinical findings
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
See Nonsyndromic Leber Congenital Amaurosis/ Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy Overview.
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
Biomarker and diagnostic research for RPE65-related recessive retinopathy has been reported in the published literature.
No approved treatments are currently available for RPE65-related recessive retinopathy. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
No clinical practice guidelines for autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration have been published. In the absence of published guidelines, the following recommendations are based on the authors' personal experience managing individuals with this disorder.
To establish the extent of disease and needs of individuals diagnosed with autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration, the evaluations included (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to the diagnosis) are recommended, and their purpose summarized. Note that some evaluations may be indicated only in individuals considering subretinal gene supplementation therapy .
Table 3.
Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration: Recommended Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis
Evaluation | Purpose
| BCVA | To determine visual acuity provide baseline for comparison of future assessments
| To prescribe corrective lenses
| To document anterior segment findings such as cataract
| To document fundus findings
| To map out entire visual field provide baseline
| To determine retinal sensitivity in any given location in visual field to provide baseline
OCT | To assess anatomic structure of retina, which may identify persons more likely to benefit from RPE65 gene replacement therapy
| To document fundus findings prov...
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
Children should be discouraged whenever possible from repeatedly poking and pressing on their eyes, which may cause damage to the cornea and/or retina.
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
Clinical investigations of variations of the FDA-approved gene replacement therapy treatment for autosomal recessive RPE65-related retinal degeneration (i.e., subretinal injection of an AAV2 vector expressing full-length RPE65-encoded protein, retinoid isomerohydrolase) have been completed. A Phase I/IIb clinical trial (NCT02781480) of an AAV2/5 vector with codon-optimized RPE65 has been completed, but no peer-reviewed outcomes have yet been published. Search ClinicalTrials.gov in the US and EU Clinical Trials Register in Europe for access to information on clinical studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
3 trials found
To monitor existing manifestations, the individual's response to supportive care, and the emergence of new manifestations, the evaluations summarized in are recommended. Note: No consensus surveillance guidelines exist; the intervals shown are based on expert opinion and clinical practice. Table 5. Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration: Recommended Surveillance
Evaluation | Purpose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
BCVA | To assess visual acuity | Yearly Refractive error |
Kinetic visual perimetry | To assess changes in entire visual field | Yearly if possible |
Static visual perimetry | To assess changes in retinal sensitivity in any given location in visual field | Yearly OCT |
Fundus photography | To document fundus changes, which may identify disease progression | Yearly if possible FAF |
Full-field ERG | To assess residual activity of rods (dark-adapted [scotopic] ERG) cones (light-adapted [photopic] ERG) | Every 3-5 yrs FST test |
Developmental/educational assessment | To assess developmental/educational needs | Yearly or as needed Neurobehavioral/psychiatric assessment |
Source: GeneReviews — "Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Related Retinal Degeneration"
3 clinical trials registered, 1 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, other interventions, and gene therapy. Pipeline includes 1 PHASE1, 1 EARLY_PHASE1. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
23 publications have been identified in PubMed for RPE65-related recessive retinopathy. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (30%), Case Report / Case Series (26%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (26%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 7 | 30% |
Patient case studies | 6 | 26% |
Disease patterns and progression | 6 | 26% |
Research summaries | 2 | 9% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 1 | 4% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 4% |
Aghajani J (2026). [PMID: 41217041](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41217041/). *J Investig Med*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Kadyshev VV (2026). [PMID: 41847810](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41847810/). *Vestn Oftalmol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Huynh BC (2026). [PMID: 41845931](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41845931/). *Ophthalmic Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Owliaee I (2026). [PMID: 42083640](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42083640/). *Clin Ophthalmol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Kadyshev VV (2026). [PMID: 41847811](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41847811/). *Vestn Oftalmol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Simoens D (2025). [PMID: 41140124](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41140124/). *Cutan Ocul Toxicol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Vooren EV (2025). [PMID: 40386434](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40386434/). *Res Sq*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Merle DA (2025). [PMID: 40757766](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40757766/). *Transl Vis Sci Technol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Van Vooren E (2025). [PMID: 40985799](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40985799/). *Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Lee H (2025). [PMID: 39835736](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39835736/). *Mol Genet Genomic Med*. [Case Report / Case Series]