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X-linked intellectual disability, Hedera type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by an onset in infancy of delayed motor and speech milestones, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and drop attacks, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional, less common manifestations include scoliosis, ataxia (resulting in progressive gait disturbance), and bilateral pes planovalgus. Physical appearance is normal with no dysmorphic features reported.
Features include always present findings: Narrow forehead, Slowness of movement (bradykinesia), Delayed CNS myelination, and Seizure and others; and very common findings: Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure and Intellectual disability. 44 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 22 | Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, Action tremor, Slowness of movement (bradykinesia) |
Muscles | 5 | Shrinkage of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy), Brain shrinkage (cerebral atrophy), Falls |
Arms and legs | 2 | Hyporeflexia of lower limbs, Hyporeflexia of upper limbs |
Head and neck | 1 | Hypomimic face |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Thickened left heart wall (left ventricular hypertrophy) |
Bones and joints | 1 | Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis) |
ATP6AP2 encodes ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 (350 aa). Multifunctional protein which functions as a renin, prorenin cellular receptor and is involved in the assembly of the lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and the acidification of the endo-lysosomal system. Highest expression in Cells Cultured fibroblasts (171.6 TPM) and Artery Aorta (154.4 TPM).
Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type is associated with mutations in the ATP6AP2 gene on chromosome X.
The ATP6AP2 protein participates in Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins pathway.
ATP6AP2 is classified as a druggable target (Druggable Genome, External Side Of Plasma Membrane, and Transporter categories) with score 0.0.
Genetic testing for ATP6AP2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 10 always present features, 2 very common features, 10 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type.
121 publications have been identified in PubMed for syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (34%), Basic Science / Preclinical (23%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (17%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 41 | 34% |
Laboratory research | 28 | 23% |
Research summaries | 20 | 17% |
Disease patterns and progression | 15 | 12% |
New treatment approaches | 8 | 7% |
Clinical study results | 5 | 4% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 4 | 3% |
Bergdolt L (2026). [PMID: 41850340](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41850340/). *Neurobiol Dis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Duan H (2026). [PMID: 42244324](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42244324/). *Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Miller JS (2026). [PMID: 41260060](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41260060/). *Pediatr Neurol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Dutta D (2026). [PMID: 41741118](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41741118/). *BMJ Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Boeri S (2026). [PMID: 41724124](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41724124/). *Epilepsy Behav*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Pan X (2026). [PMID: 41764152](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764152/). *J Mol Med (Berl)*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Aydin Gumus A (2026). [PMID: 41384780](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41384780/). *Psychiatr Genet*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Delinière A (2026). [PMID: 41242588](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41242588/). *Heart Rhythm*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Semyachkina AN (2026). [PMID: 41917976](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41917976/). *J Med Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ślusarczyk K (2026). [PMID: 41581294](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41581294/). *Mol Genet Metab*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 17, 2026, 8:38 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center