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A chronic disorder, possibly autoimmune, marked by excessive production of collagen which results in hardening and thickening of body tissues. The two types of systemic scleroderma, limited cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous are classified with focus on the extent of affected skin. A relationship exists between the extent of skin area affected and degree of internal organ/system involvement. Systemic scleroderma can manifest itself in pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's syndrome, digestive system telangiectasias, renal hypertension and/or pulmonary hypertension.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for systemic sclerosis has been reported in the published literature.
2 FDA-approved treatments are available for systemic sclerosis, including NINTEDANIB (OFEV, approved 2014) and TOCILIZUMAB (AVTOZMA, approved 2025). An additional 49 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Mechanism | Approved | Market Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated prevalence: 1-5 in 10,000 (Uncommon).
271 clinical trials registered, 113 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, other interventions, biologic therapy, and procedural interventions. Pipeline includes 6 PHASE4, 11 PHASE3, 37 PHASE2. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT04132206](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04132206) |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Oct 3, 2026, 3:00 PM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
AVTOZMA |
TOCILIZUMAB |
— |
2025 |
Available |
TOFIDENCE | TOCILIZUMAB | — | 2023 | Available |
OFEV | NINTEDANIB | — | 2014 | Available |
ACTEMRA | TOCILIZUMAB | — | 2013 | Available |
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for systemic sclerosis. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor | Designated | Exclusivity End | Designation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nemolizumab | nemolizumab | Galderma Research and Development, LLC | 2026 | — | Designated |
autologous CD3+ T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptor | autologous CD3+ T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptor | Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb | 2025 | — | Designated |
blinatumomab | blinatumomab | Amgen Inc. | 2025 | — | Designated |
artesunate | artesunate | Artasome Therapeutics, LLC | 2025 | — | Designated |
autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell immunotherapy transduced with lentiviral vector | autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell immunotherapy transduced with lentiviral vector | Kyverna Therapeutics, Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
cilnidipine | cilnidipine | Aisa Pharma Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
(E)-N-(6-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene)isophthalamide | (E)-N-(6-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene)isophthalamide | EydisBio, Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
pyridine derivative containing pyridazine that inhibits lysophospholipase | pyridine derivative containing pyridazine that inhibits lysophospholipase | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
small synthetic peptide based on a sequence found in the human endogenous protein, central coordination network protein 3 | small synthetic peptide based on a sequence found in the human endogenous protein, central coordination network protein 3 | BLR Bio LLC | 2024 | — | Designated |
autologous T cells transduced with lentivirus to express a fully human anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment | autologous T cells transduced with lentivirus to express a fully human anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment | Cabaletta Bio, Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
Derivative of 6-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy]methyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | Derivative of 6-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy]methyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2024 | — | Designated |
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2B receptor antagonist | 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2B receptor antagonist | AnaMar AB | 2024 | — | Withdrawn |
Iloprost | Iloprost | Pharmosa Biopharm, Inc. | 2023 | — | Designated |
(E)-2-[[3-[(3-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy))phenyl]-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]amino]benzoic acid | (E)-2-[[3-[(3-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy))phenyl]-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]amino]benzoic acid | Certa Therapeutics Pty Ltd | 2023 | — | Designated |
a humanized immunoglobulin G (IgG)1kappa monoclonal antibody targeting IL1RAP that has been designed to inhibit signal transduction from IL?1 alpha, IL?1beta, IL?33, IL?36 alpha, IL?36 beta, and IL?36 gamma | a humanized immunoglobulin G (IgG)1kappa monoclonal antibody targeting IL1RAP that has been designed to inhibit signal transduction from IL?1 alpha, IL?1beta, IL?33, IL?36 alpha, IL?36 beta, and IL?36 gamma | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. | 2023 | — | Designated |
Immune Globulin (Human) | Immune Globulin (Human) | CSL Behring, L.L.C. | 2023 | — | Designated |
belimumab | belimumab | GSK LLC | 2023 | — | Designated |
Recombinant humanized anti-transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 antibody | Recombinant humanized anti-transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 antibody | Genentech, Inc | 2022 | — | Withdrawn |
brodalumab | brodalumab | Bausch Health | 2022 | — | Designated |
((S)-3-(1-Cyclopentyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido)-5-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)pentanoic acid hydrochloride) | ((S)-3-(1-Cyclopentyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido)-5-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)pentanoic acid hydrochloride) | APIE Therapeutics | 2022 | — | Designated |
efzofitimod | efzofitimod | aTyr Pharma Inc. | 2022 | — | Designated |
cudetaxestat | cudetaxestat | Blade Therapeutics, Inc. | 2021 | — | Designated |
(2R,3S)-2-(3-(4,5-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)propyl)piperidin-3-ol hydrogen chloride | (2R,3S)-2-(3-(4,5-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)propyl)piperidin-3-ol hydrogen chloride | Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 2021 | — | Designated |
Homodimeric fragment crystallizable (Fc) fusion protein comprised of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFbetaRII) linked to a human IgG1 Fc domain | Homodimeric fragment crystallizable (Fc) fusion protein comprised of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFbetaRII) linked to a human IgG1 Fc domain | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. | 2020 | — | Designated |
Belumosudil | Belumosudil | Kadmon Corporation | 2020 | — | Designated |
treprostinil | treprostinil | LutaFlo Therapeutics, LLC | 2020 | — | Designated |
PEGylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand | PEGylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand | Theraly Fibrosis, Inc. | 2020 | — | Designated |
Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) | Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) | CSL Behring | 2020 | — | Designated |
Ziritaxestat | Ziritaxestat | Galapagos NV | 2020 | — | Withdrawn |
Romilkimab | Romilkimab | Sanofi U.S. Service Inc. | 2019 | — | Withdrawn |
Anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) trap fusion protein | Anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) trap fusion protein | Formation Biologics | 2019 | — | Designated |
diosmin | diosmin | Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2018 | — | Designated |
monomethoxypolyethylene glycol recombinant adenosine deaminase | monomethoxypolyethylene glycol recombinant adenosine deaminase | Chiesi USA Inc. | 2017 | — | Withdrawn |
high molecular weight multimer of E3-Fc, an endostatin C-terminus and IgG1-Fc fusion protein | high molecular weight multimer of E3-Fc, an endostatin C-terminus and IgG1-Fc fusion protein | iBio, Inc. | 2016 | — | Designated |
(2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-5-methyl-1h-pyrazolo [4,3-c] pyridine-3,6(2h,5h)-dione) | (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-5-methyl-1h-pyrazolo [4,3-c] pyridine-3,6(2h,5h)-dione) | Calliditas Therapeutics Suisse SA | 2015 | — | Designated |
(6aR, 10aR)-3-(1â¿¿,1â¿¿-dimethylheptyl)-ο8-tetrahydro-cannabinol-9-carboxylic acid | (6aR, 10aR)-3-(1â¿¿,1â¿¿-dimethylheptyl)-ο8-tetrahydro-cannabinol-9-carboxylic acid | Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2015 | — | Designated |
1-(6-benzothiazolylsulfonyl)-5-chloro-1H-indole-2-butanoic acid | 1-(6-benzothiazolylsulfonyl)-5-chloro-1H-indole-2-butanoic acid | Inventiva Pharma | 2015 | — | Designated |
monoclonal antibody targeting eotaxin-2 | monoclonal antibody targeting eotaxin-2 | ChemomAb, Ltd. | 2015 | — | Designated |
riociguat | riociguat | Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2014 | — | Withdrawn |
caprine hyperimmune serum against HIV lysate | caprine hyperimmune serum against HIV lysate | Aimsco Ltd. | 2014 | — | Designated |
paquinimod | paquinimod | Active Biotech AB | 2014 | — | Designated |
anifrolumab | anifrolumab | AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | 2013 | — | Designated |
pomalidomide | pomalidomide | Celgene Corporation | 2013 | — | Withdrawn |
terguride | terguride | Medac GmbH | 2013 | — | Withdrawn |
cyclophosphamide | cyclophosphamide | Accentia Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2011 | — | Designated |
peptide 144 TGF beta-1 inhibitor | peptide 144 TGF beta-1 inhibitor | Digna Biotech, S.L. | 2006 | — | Designated |
human anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 monoclonal antibody | human anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 monoclonal antibody | Genzyme Corporation | 2002 | — | Withdrawn |
Halofuginone | Halofuginone | Collgard Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. | 2000 | — | Designated |
Recombinant human relaxin | Recombinant human relaxin | Connetics Corporation | 1995 | — | Withdrawn |
Gene therapy approaches for systemic sclerosis have been reported in the published literature.
271 trials found
Longitudinal Characterization of Microbial Signature in Systemic Sclerosis Patients |
— |
Hôpital Européen Marseille |
RECRUITING |
[NCT07403188](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07403188) | A Long-Term Follow-Up Study for Participants Previously Treated With KYV-101 | — | Kyverna Therapeutics | RECRUITING |
[NCT07301164](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07301164) | Clinical Study of BCT301 Cell Injection Therapy for Refractory Autoimmune Diseases | EARLY_PHASE1 | Peking University Third Hospital | RECRUITING |
[NCT07085676](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07085676) | Phase 1 Study of HBI0101 CAR-T in Refractory B-Cell Autoimmune Diseases | PHASE1 | Polina Stepensky | RECRUITING |
[NCT05016804](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05016804) | Safety of Cultured Allogeneic Adult Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell IV Infusion for Systemic Sclerosis | PHASE1 | The Foundation for Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine | RECRUITING |
500 publications have been identified in PubMed for systemic sclerosis. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (34%), Epidemiology / Natural History (16%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (16%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 171 | 34% |
Disease patterns and progression | 81 | 16% |
Laboratory research | 78 | 16% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 49 | 10% |
Patient case studies | 45 | 9% |
Clinical study results | 33 | 7% |
Other research | 23 | 5% |
New treatment approaches | 20 | 4% |
Ross L (2026). [PMID: 41781258](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41781258/). *Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Basyal B (2026). [PMID: 29494031](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494031/). *Unknown Journal*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ozen G (2026). [PMID: 41985412](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41985412/). *Semin Arthritis Rheum*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Chacón-Abril K (2026). [PMID: 42270533](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42270533/). *Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Sabnis RW (2026). [PMID: 41704368](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704368/). *ACS Med Chem Lett*. [Other]
Arline A (2026). [PMID: 41643164](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41643164/). *Ocul Immunol Inflamm*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Smith MD (2026). [PMID: 41508804](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41508804/). *Clin Transplant*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ilie CM (2026). [PMID: 41614927](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41614927/). *Curr Issues Mol Biol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Qi X (2026). [PMID: 41790634](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41790634/). *Medicine (Baltimore)*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Komura K (2026). [PMID: 41869326](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869326/). *Front Immunol*. [Other]
AI-curated news mentioning systemic sclerosis
Updated Oct 1, 2026
A scoping review highlights the role of gastrointestinal ultrasound in assessing systemic sclerosis, providing insights into its diagnostic utility. This review consolidates current evidence, which may inform future research and clinical practices.
A real-life analysis from the EUSTAR database investigates the long-term outcomes of proton pump inhibitor use in patients with systemic sclerosis. The study provides insights into treatment efficacy and patient management strategies.
A recent EUSTAR cohort study evaluates the effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in treating precapillary pulmonary hypertension linked to systemic sclerosis. The findings contribute to understanding treatment options for this rare condition.