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Tetraamelia - multiple malformations is an extremely rare mostly lethal congenital disorder characterized by absence of all four limbs and frequent associated major malformations involving the head, face, eyes, skeleton, heart, lungs, anus, urogenital, and central nervous systems. The syndrome has been described in fewer than 20 patients mainly of middle Eastern descent.
Features include very common findings: Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the nose, Orofacial cleft, Hydrocephalus, and Polyhydramnios and others; and common findings: Multicystic kidney dysplasia, Cryptorchidism, Small scrotum, and Vaginal atresia and others.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Eyes | 3 | Cataract, Damage to the optic nerve (optic atrophy), Septo-optic dysplasia |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for tetraamelia-multiple malformations syndrome has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 8 very common features, 27 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for tetraamelia-multiple malformations syndrome.
204 publications have been identified in PubMed for tetraamelia-multiple malformations syndrome. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (44%), Case Report / Case Series (25%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (12%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 76 | 44% |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 1:03 AM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Lungs and breathing |
2 |
Abnormal lung lobation, Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lungs |
Arms and legs | 2 | Amelia involving the upper limbs, Acromelia of the lower limbs |
Head and neck | 2 | Non-midline cleft of the upper lip, Orofacial cleft |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Multicystic kidney dysplasia |
Muscles | 1 | Damage to the optic nerve (optic atrophy) |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Abnormal cardiac septum morphology |
Bones and joints | 1 | Abnormally ossified vertebrae |
Brain and nerves | 1 | Hydrocephalus |
Patient case studies
44 |
25% |
Laboratory research | 20 | 12% |
Disease patterns and progression | 19 | 11% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 6 | 3% |
Clinical study results | 6 | 3% |
Other research | 2 | 1% |
Palaparthi S (2026). [PMID: 42091310](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42091310/). *Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Sabbagh Q (2026). [PMID: 41882293](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41882293/). *Eur J Hum Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Tana C (2026). [PMID: 41980458](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41980458/). *J Fr Ophtalmol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Xu T (2026). [PMID: 41636844](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41636844/). *Angiogenesis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Zhang Y (2026). [PMID: 41006948](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41006948/). *J Clin Ultrasound*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Joo K (2026). [PMID: 41734036](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41734036/). *JCI Insight*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Khoo SE (2026). [PMID: 41102056](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41102056/). *Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
Chen N (2026). [PMID: 41233206](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41233206/). *J Med Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Gąsiorowska J (2026). [PMID: 42023627](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42023627/). *Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Vialle R (2026). [PMID: 40976314](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40976314/). *Orthop Traumatol Surg Res*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]