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Features include always present findings: Specific learning disability; and very common findings: Satyr ear and Frontal bossing. 81 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Head and neck | 8 | Relative macrocephaly, Facial hypotonia, Microcephaly |
PCGF2 function has not been fully characterized.
Turnpenny-fry syndrome is strongly associated with mutations in the PCGF2 gene on chromosome 17.
Genetic testing for PCGF2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for turnpenny-fry syndrome has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 1 always present feature, 2 very common features, 24 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for turnpenny-fry syndrome.
143 publications have been identified in PubMed for turnpenny-fry syndrome. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (64%), Basic Science / Preclinical (14%), and Case Report / Case Series (7%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 92 | 64% |
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 3:06 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
6 |
Specific learning disability, Intellectual disability, Absent speech |
Bones and joints | 5 | Excessive inward curve of the lower back (lumbar hyperlordosis), Prominent interphalangeal joints, Delayed skeletal maturation |
Digestive system | 4 | Gastroesophageal reflux, Constipation, Chronic constipation |
Arms and legs | 4 | Overlapping toe, Long fingers, Tapered finger |
Muscles | 3 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia), Facial hypotonia, Axial hypotonia |
Growth and development | 3 | Mild short stature, Failure to thrive, Intrauterine growth retardation |
Heart and blood vessels | 3 | Aortic regurgitation, Atrial septal defect, Mitral valve prolapse |
Lungs and breathing | 2 | Obstructive sleep apnea, Recurrent respiratory infections |
Ears | 1 | Conductive hearing impairment |
Blood and immune system | 1 | Recurrent respiratory infections |
20 |
14% |
Patient case studies | 10 | 7% |
Disease patterns and progression | 10 | 7% |
Other research | 7 | 5% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 2 | 1% |
Clinical study results | 1 | 1% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 1% |
Anderson EN (2026). [PMID: 41468891](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41468891/). *Am J Hum Genet*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Chang S (2026). [PMID: 41553922](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41553922/). *Pacing Clin Electrophysiol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Amado C (2026). [PMID: 40975490](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40975490/). *Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Buel KL (2026). [PMID: 41569909](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41569909/). *FP Essent*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Sebode M (2026). [PMID: 41432137](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41432137/). *Curr Opin Gastroenterol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Avelino-Silva TJ (2026). [PMID: 41591773](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41591773/). *JAMA Netw Open*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Anandan S (2026). [PMID: 41818118](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41818118/). *J Assoc Physicians India*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Manto M (2026). [PMID: 41663552](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41663552/). *J Neurol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Ganetzky R (2025). [PMID: 39985363](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985363/). *Genet Med*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Chandra S (2025). [PMID: 40887865](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40887865/). *J Obstet Gynaecol Res*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]