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A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for yolk sac tumor has been reported in the published literature.
Estimated prevalence: Unknown (Unknown prevalence).
12 clinical trials registered, 4 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, gene therapy, procedural interventions, and biologic therapy. Pipeline includes 2 PHASE3, 2 PHASE2, 7 PHASE1. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT05564026](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05564026) |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 18, 2026, 7:14 PM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors |
— |
Children's Oncology Group |
RECRUITING |
[NCT06638931](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06638931) | Agnostic Therapy in Rare Solid Tumors | PHASE2 | Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo | RECRUITING |
[NCT04715191](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04715191) | Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in T Cells for Pediatric Solid Tumors | PHASE1 | Baylor College of Medicine | RECRUITING |
[NCT07148050](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07148050) | Immunotherapy for Solid Tumor Malignancies in Pediatrics Using Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells | PHASE1 | Seattle Children's Hospital | RECRUITING |
201 publications have been identified in PubMed for yolk sac tumor. Kisho has analyzed 148 by research type. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (46%), Basic Science / Preclinical (18%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (11%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 68 | 46% |
Laboratory research | 26 | 18% |
Research summaries | 17 | 11% |
Disease patterns and progression | 17 | 11% |
Other research | 9 | 6% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 6 | 4% |
Clinical study results | 3 | 2% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 1% |
Gao L (2026). [PMID: 41676193](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41676193/). *AME Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Cai J (2026). [PMID: 41525035](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525035/). *Clin Transl Oncol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Alzayadneh E (2026). [PMID: 41642929](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41642929/). *Int J Gynecol Pathol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Dey S (2026). [PMID: 42210622](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42210622/). *Cancer Med*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
You J (2026). [PMID: 41869646](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869646/). *Front Oncol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Devins KM (2026). [PMID: 41801179](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41801179/). *Am J Surg Pathol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Zhao J (2026). [PMID: 41563443](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41563443/). *Virchows Arch*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Sadiq Q (2026). [PMID: 32644667](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644667/). *Unknown Journal*. [Other]
Ravisankar HV (2026). [PMID: 41526726](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41526726/). *Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Roque K (2026). [PMID: 41523302](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41523302/). *Case reports in oncological medicine*. [Case Report / Case Series]
AI-curated news mentioning yolk sac tumor
Updated Apr 25, 2026
A study analyzes four cases of somatic carcinomas with yolk sac tumor differentiation in the female genital tract, providing insights into their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. This research contributes to the understanding of rare tumor types and their behavior.