acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an inflammatory eye condition that affects the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. It usually impacts both eyes and is marked by several yellow-white lesions on the back of the eye. In many cases, vision may be reduced if the macula, the part of the retina responsible for detailed vision, is involved. Although the condition often resolves on its own over weeks to months, about one-third of cases seem to develop following a flu-like illness. In rare cases, APMPPE can be associated with cerebral vasculitis, which may lead to severe or permanent neurological problems.

People with this condition may notice blurred or reduced vision due to the appearance of multiple yellow-white lesions in the back of the eye. The lesions are typically found during an eye exam and their presence, especially near the macula, is a key sign. Non-ocular symptoms are not common, though complications from cerebral vasculitis can occur in rare instances.

The exact cause of APMPPE is not known. In about one-third of cases, symptoms seem to start after a person has had a flu-like illness. There are no known genetic factors or clear risk factors associated with the condition.

In many cases, APMPPE resolves on its own over several weeks to months. Treatment usually focuses on managing symptoms and monitoring the condition. When complications such as cerebral vasculitis occur, additional evaluations and supportive care may be necessary.

The outlook for many people with APMPPE is generally positive because the condition often resolves on its own. However, if the macula is involved, there may be a temporary decrease in visual acuity. Rare cases with cerebral vasculitis can lead to more serious, lasting effects.

Current research is focused on better understanding the triggers and underlying mechanisms of this inflammatory eye condition. Studies are exploring how viral illnesses might trigger the disease and the relationship between APMPPE and cerebral vasculitis. More research is needed to fully understand the condition and improve management strategies.