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Autosomal recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia due to GRID2 deficiency is a rare, genetic, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from GRID2 deficiency characterized by motor, speech and cognitive delay, hypotonia, truncal and appendicular ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities (tonic upgaze, nystagmus, oculomotor apraxia). Intention tremor may also be associated. Brain imaging reveals progressive cerebellar atrophy with cerebellar flocculus particularly affected.
Features include always present findings: Incoordination, Truncal ataxia, Delayed speech and language development, and Dysmetria and others; and very common findings: Low muscle tone (hypotonia). 21 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 9 | Truncal ataxia, Delayed speech and language development, Babinski sign |
Muscles | 4 | Shrinkage of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy), Flexion contracture, Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Eyes | 4 | Nystagmus, Oculomotor apraxia, Optic disc pallor |
GRID2 encodes glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2 (1,007 aa). Member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, which plays a crucial role in synaptic organization and signal transduction in the central nervous system. Highest expression in Brain Cerebellum (10.4 TPM) and Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere (7.5 TPM).
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18 is associated with mutations in the GRID2 gene on chromosome 4.
GRID2 is classified as a druggable target (Druggable Genome and Ion Channel categories) with score 26.1.
Genetic testing for GRID2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 14 always present features, 1 very common feature, 4 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18.
2 publications have been identified in PubMed for autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (50%) and Epidemiology / Natural History (50%).
Rudaks LI (2024). [PMID: 38760634](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38760634/). *Cerebellum (London, England)*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Mahdieh N (2024). [PMID: 38570878](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38570878/). *Human genomics*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 7:33 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center