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Brody myopathy is a hereditary condition that affects the skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). Symptoms typically begin in childhood and are characterized by muscle cramping and stiffening (myopathy) after exercise or other strenuous activity. These symptoms can worsen in cold temperatures and are usually painless, however, some individuals may have mild discomfort. Some cases of Brody myopathy are caused by mutations in the ATP2A1 gene. The cause of Brody myopathy for individuals not found to have an ATP2A1 gene mutation remains unknown. Brody myopathy is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with a few reported cases of autosomal dominant inheritance. While there is no one treatment for Brody myopathy, certain muscle relaxants, such as dantrolene and blood pressure medications called calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil may be useful. Some researchers suggest that individuals found to have an ATP2A1 gene mutation have a slightly different disorder in which symptoms appear at an earlier age. They use the disease term 'Brody disease' for individuals with an identifiedmutation versus 'Brody syndrome' for those that do not. More research may help clarify whether these are two different disorders or a variation of the same disorder.
Features include always present findings: Malignant hyperthermia, Motor delay, Exercise-induced muscle stiffness, and Exercise-induced muscle cramps; and sometimes findings: Difficulty running. 16 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Muscles | 10 | Myotonia, Flexion contracture, EMG: myotonic discharges |
ATP2A1 encodes ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 (1,001 aa). Key regulator of striated muscle performance by acting as the major Ca(2+) ATPase responsible for the reuptake of cytosolic Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Highest expression in Muscle Skeletal (1,299 TPM) and Testis (13.3 TPM).
Brody myopathy is associated with mutations in the ATP2A1 gene on chromosome 16.
The ATP2A1 protein participates in ATP2A1-3 transport Ca2+ from cytosol to ER lumen and ATP2A1-3 transport cytosolic Ca2+ to dense tubular network lumen pathways.
ATP2A1 is classified as a druggable target (Druggable Genome, Enzyme, and Transporter categories) with score 5.2.
Genetic testing for ATP2A1 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Phenotype severity distribution: 4 always present features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for Brody myopathy.
28 publications have been identified in PubMed for Brody myopathy. Research spans Basic Science / Preclinical (79%), Review / Meta-Analysis (7%), and Case Report / Case Series (7%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Laboratory research | 22 | 79% |
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 3:00 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about Brody myopathy
Brain and nerves
1 |
Fasciculations |
Bones and joints | 1 | Skeletal muscle hypertrophy |
2 |
7% |
Patient case studies | 2 | 7% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 7% |
Zhang Y (2026). [PMID: 42102380](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42102380/). *Adv Sci (Weinh)*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Molenaar JP (2026). [PMID: 41938373](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41938373/). *Biochem Biophys Rep*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Duan X (2026). [PMID: 41400681](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41400681/). *Basic Res Cardiol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Li J (2026). [PMID: 41876456](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41876456/). *Cell Death Dis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Edmund S (2026). [PMID: 41926432](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41926432/). *J Am Assoc Nurse Pract*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Illanes A (2026). [PMID: 41293930](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41293930/). *FEBS Lett*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Kang S (2025). [PMID: 41061581](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41061581/). *Biomed Pharmacother*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Shao F (2025). [PMID: 39985023](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985023/). *Cardiovasc Diabetol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Yang RZ (2025). [PMID: 40568929](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40568929/). *Adv Sci (Weinh)*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Branovets J (2025). [PMID: 40657789](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40657789/). *Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]