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Any familial glucocorticoid deficiency in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NNT gene.
Features include always present findings: Increased circulating ACTH level and Decreased circulating cortisol level; and sometimes findings: Precocious puberty, Congenital hypothyroidism, Cryptorchidism, and Renal salt wasting and others. 14 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Hormones | 3 | Decreased circulating cortisol level, Precocious puberty, Congenital hypothyroidism |
NNT encodes nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (1,086 aa). The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane. Highest expression in Muscle Skeletal (69.7 TPM) and Heart Atrial Appendage (53.1 TPM).
Glucocorticoid deficiency 4 is associated with mutations in the NNT gene on chromosome 5.
NNT is classified as a druggable target (Enzyme category) with score 0.0.
Genetic testing for NNT is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for glucocorticoid deficiency 4 has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 2 always present features.
No clinical trials have been registered for glucocorticoid deficiency 4.
184 publications have been identified in PubMed for glucocorticoid deficiency 4. Kisho has analyzed 76 by research type. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (22%), Basic Science / Preclinical (20%), and Case Report / Case Series (18%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 17 | 22% |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 1:00 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Brain and nerves |
1 |
Seizure |
Lab test results | 1 | Decreased circulating cortisol level |
Growth and development | 1 | Failure to thrive |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Congenital hypothyroidism |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Renal salt wasting |
Muscles | 1 | Renal salt wasting |
Laboratory research
15 |
20% |
Patient case studies | 14 | 18% |
Clinical study results | 13 | 17% |
Disease patterns and progression | 11 | 14% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 4 | 5% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 3% |
Salame H (2026). [PMID: 41560097](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41560097/). *Medicine (Baltimore)*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Alwan IA (2026). [PMID: 41717321](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41717321/). *J Clin Transl Endocrinol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Lee J (2026). [PMID: 42092136](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42092136/). *Nature*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Lawrence NR (2026). [PMID: 41823987](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41823987/). *Eur J Endocrinol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Wang S (2026). [PMID: 41038576](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41038576/). *Endocr Pract*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zhai Z (2026). [PMID: 41727461](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41727461/). *Front Immunol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Singhal A (2026). [PMID: 41541841](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41541841/). *JCEM Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Marques P (2026). [PMID: 42158161](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42158161/). *JCEM Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Mikami K (2026). [PMID: 41743173](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41743173/). *JCEM Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Snyder CN (2026). [PMID: 41988948](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41988948/). *Eur J Endocrinol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]