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Inflammation of the liver in humans caused by hepatitis delta virus, a defective RNA virus that can only infect hepatitis B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the hepatitis B surface antigens produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.
No approved treatments are currently available for hepatitis D virus infection. An additional 1 compound holds orphan drug designation.
While no drugs are FDA-approved specifically for hepatitis D virus infection, some of the following designated compounds may be used off-label in clinical practice. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a specialist familiar with this condition.
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for hepatitis D virus infection. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor |
|---|
Estimated prevalence: 1-5 in 10,000 (Uncommon).
34 clinical trials registered, 13 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, other interventions, and procedural interventions. Pipeline includes 4 PHASE3, 6 PHASE2, 2 PHASE1. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT07200908](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07200908) |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 6:45 AM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Designated
Exclusivity End |
|---|
Designation Status |
|---|
bulevirtide | bulevirtide | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | 2015 | — | Designated |
bulevirtide is referenced in active clinical trials for hepatitis D virus infection (designated 2015).
Gene therapy approaches for hepatitis D virus infection have been reported in the published literature.
34 trials found
A Trial Evaluating Brelovitug (BJT-778) vs Bulevirtide for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis Delta Infection (AZURE-2) |
PHASE3 |
Mirum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
RECRUITING |
[NCT07454837](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07454837) | Study to Evaluate Switching to Brelovitug for the Treatment of CHD in Participants Receiving Bulevirtide | PHASE2 | Mirum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | RECRUITING |
[NCT06889805](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06889805) | HDV Screening Study | — | Grace Lai Hung Wong | RECRUITING |
[NCT06122285](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06122285) | Effectiveness and Safety of Bulevirtide (BLV) Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis Delta (CHD) in Italy (D-SHIELD) | — | Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico | RECRUITING |
[NCT06051045](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06051045) | Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Biomarkers of Bulevirtide Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis D Patients | — | Karolinska University Hospital | RECRUITING |
200 publications have been identified in PubMed for hepatitis D virus infection. Kisho has analyzed 54 by research type. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (44%), Epidemiology / Natural History (24%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (11%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 24 | 44% |
Disease patterns and progression | 13 | 24% |
Laboratory research | 6 | 11% |
Clinical study results | 5 | 9% |
Other research | 4 | 7% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 4% |
Okamoto EE (2026). [PMID: 41861840](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41861840/). *Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Hong X (2026). [PMID: 42012961](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42012961/). *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Lens S (2026). [PMID: 41825518](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41825518/). *Gastroenterol Hepatol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Huang YS (2026). [PMID: 39745917](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39745917/). *Clin Infect Dis*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Keser MF (2026). [PMID: 41495386](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41495386/). *Dig Dis Sci*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Albarghash R (2026). [PMID: 42002101](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42002101/). *Antiviral Res*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Elamouri F (2026). [PMID: 41201736](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41201736/). *Infection*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Bajis S (2026). [PMID: 41861841](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41861841/). *Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Asselah T (2026). [PMID: 41211943](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41211943/). *N Engl J Med*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
Ingiliz P (2026). [PMID: 41541401](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41541401/). *Open Forum Infect Dis*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
AI-curated news mentioning hepatitis D virus infection
Updated May 22, 2026
The FDA has decided not to designate hepatitis delta virus (HDV) as a tropical disease under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, following a suggestion from Gilead Sciences. This decision indicates that the agency does not see a significant market for HDV treatments in developed nations.