IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis

IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis, also known historically as Mikulicz disease, is a condition marked by persistent, usually painless enlargement of the tear and salivary glands. This enlargement affects both the lacrimal glands (which produce tears) and the parotid and submandibular glands (which produce saliva). The condition is part of a group of diseases known as IgG4-related sclerosing diseases. People with this condition typically experience dryness in the mouth and eyes. In addition, the disease is associated with high levels of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and an infiltration of lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells in the affected glands. Although the salivary and lacrimal glands are most commonly involved, other organs such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys may also be affected. Some individuals may also develop complications including autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Common symptoms include the gradual, often painless swelling of the tear and salivary glands which can lead to eye and mouth dryness. This bilateral gland enlargement is a key sign of the condition.

The condition is part of the broader category of IgG4-related diseases, which are believed to be linked to an abnormal immune response. It is associated with elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin G4 and infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Detailed causes or genetic risk factors have not been fully described in the provided information.

Information about treatment is currently limited for this condition.

Information about prognosis is currently limited for this condition.

Information about research is currently limited for this condition.