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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I) is a form of LAD characterized by life-threatening, recurrent bacterial infections.
Features include always present findings: Gingivitis, Hyperfibrinogenemia, Delayed umbilical cord separation, and Elevated CRP (inflammation marker) (elevated circulating c-reactive protein concentration) and others; and sometimes findings: Neonatal omphalitis, Skin ulcer, and Bone infection (osteomyelitis). 17 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Blood and immune system | 5 | Recurrent gram-negative bacterial infections, Recurrent infections, Recurrent bacterial infections |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Neonatal omphalitis |
Lab test results | 1 | Elevated CRP (inflammation marker) (elevated circulating c-reactive protein concentration) |
Skin | 1 | Skin ulcer |
Digestive system | 1 | Chronic diarrhea |
Bones and joints | 1 | Bone infection (osteomyelitis) |
Age of onset: childhood.
ITGB2 encodes integrin subunit beta 2 (769 aa). Integrin ITGAL:ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2 and ICAM3. Integrin ITGAL:ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL. Highest expression in Whole Blood (532.6 TPM) and Spleen (189.6 TPM).
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 is associated with mutations in the ITGB2 gene on chromosome 21.
The ITGB2 protein participates in Expression of IL13-upregulated plasma membrane proteins pathway.
ITGB2 is classified as a druggable target (Cell Surface, Druggable Genome, and External Side Of Plasma Membrane categories) with score 3.0.
Genetic testing for ITGB2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 has been reported in the published literature.
No approved treatments are currently available for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1. An additional 2 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
While no drugs are FDA-approved specifically for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1, some of the following designated compounds may be used off-label in clinical practice. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a specialist familiar with this condition.
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor | Designated | Exclusivity End | Designation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-fucose | L-fucose | Orpha Labs, AG | 2020 | — | Designated |
hematopoietic stem cells modified with a lentiviral vector containing the CD18 (Integrin Beta 2) gene | hematopoietic stem cells modified with a lentiviral vector containing the CD18 (Integrin Beta 2) gene | Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2016 | — | Designated |
Gene therapy approaches for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 have been reported in the published literature.
1 trial found
Phenotype severity distribution: 9 always present features.
Estimated prevalence: 1-9 in 1,000,000 (Rare).
1 clinical trial registered, 1 recruiting. Interventions under study include other interventions. Research is primarily sponsored by academic and government institutions.
41 publications have been identified in PubMed for leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (39%), Review / Meta-Analysis (32%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (15%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 16 | 39% |
Research summaries | 13 | 32% |
Laboratory research | 6 | 15% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 2 | 5% |
Disease patterns and progression | 2 | 5% |
Clinical study results | 1 | 2% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 2% |
Justiz Vaillant AA (2026). [PMID: 30969592](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969592/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Oguama M (2026). [PMID: 41566499](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41566499/). *Cell Commun Signal*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Starosta RT (2026). [PMID: 41529427](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41529427/). *Mol Genet Metab*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Justiz Vaillant AA (2026). [PMID: 29763203](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763203/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Teng ZK (2026). [PMID: 42140433](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140433/). *J Biol Chem*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Heimall J (2026). [PMID: 42011429](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42011429/). *J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Goli R (2026). [PMID: 41994155](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41994155/). *Clin Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Biswas D (2026). [PMID: 41664479](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41664479/). *Clin Exp Dermatol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Turktan I (2026). [PMID: 41965132](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41965132/). *J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Mueller SM (2026). [PMID: 41511357](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41511357/). *Cells*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Data assembled from 8 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 12:51 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
AI-curated news mentioning leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1
Updated Apr 20, 2026
This approach recently earned FDA approval for a gene therapy for severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I, a rare immune disorder in children. It also underlies a growing portfolio of trials for blood and immune diseases at UCLA. But of all the diseases Kohn has worked on, sickle cell disease has been the most challenging — and most instructive. Results from a phase 1–2 clinical ... This approach recently earned FDA approval for a gene therapy for severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I, a rare immune disorder in children. It also underlies a growing portfolio of trials for blood and immune diseases at UCLA. But of all the diseases Kohn has worked on, sickle cell disease has been the most challenging — and most instructive. Results from a phase 1–2 clinical trial for sickle cell disease that Kohn led over nearly a decade are detailed in a new study in Blood Advances. Kohn and Prueksapraopong present the abstract for the sickle cell clinical trial at the ASTCT/CIBMTR Tandem Meeting in 2025. Until recently, the only established cure was a bone marrow transplant from a matched donor — a treatment unavailable to most patients, and that carries the risk of graft-versus-host disease. "Because gene therapy uses the patient's own stem cells and modifies them to correct the disease, patients don't need to be on lifelong immunosuppressants," said first author Dr. Clinical trial yields insights about the role of chemotherapy, inflammation and trial design that could help shape next-gen curative therapies. Results from a UCLA-led clinical trial for sickle cell disease reveal the unique challenges of treating blood disorders with gene therapy and provide crucial insights into improved clinical trial design for blood diseases.
This approach recently earned FDA approval for a gene therapy for severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I, a rare immune disorder in children. It also underlies a growing portfolio of trials for blood and immune diseases at UCLA. But of all the diseases Kohn has worked on, sickle cell disease has been the most challenging — and most instructive. Results from a phase 1–2 clinical ... This approach recently earned FDA approval for a gene therapy for severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I, a rare immune disorder in children. It also underlies a growing portfolio of trials for blood and immune diseases at UCLA. But of all the diseases Kohn has worked on, sickle cell disease has been the most challenging — and most instructive. Results from a phase 1–2 clinical trial for sickle cell disease that Kohn led over nearly a decade are detailed in a new study in Blood Advances. Kohn and Prueksapraopong present the abstract for the sickle cell clinical trial at the ASTCT/CIBMTR Tandem Meeting in 2025. | Courtesy of Chattip Prueksapraopong, M.D. Until recently, the only established cure was a bone marrow transplant from a matched donor — a treatment unavailable to most patients, and that carries the risk of graft-versus-host disease. "Because gene therapy uses the patient's own stem cells and modifies them to correct the disease, patients don't need to be on lifelong immunosuppressants," said first author Dr. Results from a UCLA-led clinical trial for sickle cell disease reveal the unique challenges of treating blood disorders with gene therapy and provide crucial insights into improved clinical trial design for blood diseases. Clinical trial yields hard-won insights about the role of chemotherapy, inflammation and trial design — which could help shape next-generation curative therapies · Left: An AI-generated illustration of red blood cells, including sickled forms, to represent a blood sample from a patient with sickle cell disease.
FDA approves Kresladi, a one-time gene therapy for leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I), developed by Rocket Pharmaceuticals. This marks the first gene therapy for this rare inherited immune disorder caused by mutations in the ITGB2 gene, addressing a critical unmet need in pediatric care.
Established in 2004 to accelerate ... clinical trials for the gene therapy in collaboration with Rocket and is now celebrating the first-ever FDA approval made possible through its support. Kohn is optimistic that this approval will encourage more companies to develop treatments for other rare diseases... Established in 2004 to accelerate stem cell therapies, CIRM co-funded clinical trials for the gene therapy in collaboration with Rocket and is now celebrating the first-ever FDA approval made possible through its support. Kohn is optimistic that this approval will encourage more companies to develop treatments for other rare diseases. Severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I is a rare genetic disease that prevents white blood cells from functioning normally, leaving affected children susceptible to recurrent, life-threatening infections. In a UCLA clinical trial, Dr. Donald Kohn treated young patients using a gene therapy that adds a healthy copy of the gene to the patients’ own blood stem cells. The therapy, now approved by the FDA under the accelerated approval pathway, could provide a blueprint for developing and commercializing therapies for other rare diseases. Dr. Donald Kohn has been developing gene therapies for rare pediatric immune disorders for over 30 years. This week, his role in a clinical trial culminated in the first-ever U.S. Without treatment, survival beyond childhood is rare. Approval of the therapy, marketed under the name Kresladi, was based on the results of a clinical trial led at UCLA by Kohn, a member of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research.