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Features include always present findings: Intellectual disability, Global developmental delay, and Thick lower lip vermilion; and very common findings: Coarse facial features, Full cheeks, Widely spaced teeth, and Happy demeanor and others. 63 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 9 | Seizure, Spastic gait, Intellectual disability |
Head and neck | 6 | Coarse facial features, Cleft palate, Thin upper lip vermilion |
Arms and legs | 3 | Short foot, Clinodactyly of the 5th finger, Small hand |
Digestive system | 3 | Gastroesophageal reflux, Constipation, Feeding difficulties |
Eyes | 2 | Strabismus, Amblyopia |
Heart and blood vessels | 2 | Right aortic arch, Ventricular septal defect |
Muscles | 1 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Ears | 1 | Recurrent otitis media |
Growth and development | 1 | Failure to thrive |
WDR26-related intellectual disability is characterized by developmental delay / intellectual disability, epilepsy, and infant feeding difficulties. To date 15 individuals (10 female, 5 male) with intragenic pathogenic variants in WDR26 have been reported; they range in age from 24 months to 34 years . Developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID) are present in all individuals. Developmental delay ranges from mild in many to severe in approximately 30%. Sitting is delayed with an average of 11 months. Walking is delayed, with reported onset averaging 24 months but ranging from age 17 months to three years. Speech development is a relative weakness. All individuals have delayed speech.
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
WDR26 function has not been fully characterized.
Skraban-Deardorff syndrome is caused by mutations in the WDR26 gene on chromosome 1.
No genotype-phenotype correlations have been established.
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
Formal diagnostic criteria for WDR26-related intellectual disability have not been established.
WDR26-related intellectual disability should be considered in individuals with the following findings :
Developmental delay or intellectual disability of variable degree
Characteristic facial features including coarse features, prominent eyes with large-appearing irises, prominent maxilla, broad nasal tip, protruding upper lip, prominent upper gingiva, and widely spaced teeth
Central hypotonia
Autistic features
Seizures: both febrile and non-febrile
Abnormal wide-based, ataxic, and/or stiff-legged gait
The diagnosis of WDR26-related ID is established in a proband with suggestive clinical features and identification of a heterozygous pathogenic (or likely...
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
Developmental delay with delayed speech and febrile and/or non-febrile seizures, the most frequent features of WDR26-related ID, are relatively common and have an extensive differential diagnosis. The following syndromes with significant phenotypic overlap with WDR26-related ID have been considered in some affected individuals before the diagnosis of WDR26-related ID was established. Table 2. Disorders with Developmental Delay / Intellectual Disability to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis of WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability
DifferentialDiagnosisDisorder | Gene / GeneticMechanism | MOI | Clinical Features of the Differential Diagnosis Disorder |
|---|---|---|---|
Angelman syndrome | Deficientexpression/function ofmaternallyinherited UBE3A allele | See footnote 1. |
Genetic testing for WDR26 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
No approved treatments are currently available for Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. The disease remains an area of unmet medical need.
Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis To establish the extent of disease and needs in an individual diagnosed with WDR26-related intellectual disability (ID), the evaluations summarized (if not performed as part of the evaluation that led to diagnosis) are recommended. Table 3. Recommended Evaluations Following Initial Diagnosis in Individuals with WDR26-Related ID
System/Concern | Evaluation | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Constitutional | Assessment of height, weight, head circumference | Evaluation of growth parameters to identify those w/FTT |
Neurologic | Neurologic evaluation | Incl EEG brain MRI if seizures |
Development | Developmental assessment | Incl assessment of age-appropriate motor, speech/language, cognitive skills. |
Eyes | Ophthalmologic evaluation | For evidence of refractive error, strabismus ± amblyopia, cataracts, abnormal extraocular movement |
ENT/Mouth | Consultation w/ENT | For those w/:; Recurrent otitis media; Cleft palate |
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
Search ClinicalTrials.gov in the US and EU Clinical Trials Register in Europe for access to information on clinical studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions. Note: There may not be clinical trials for this disorder.
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
1 trial found
Table 5. Recommended Surveillance for Individuals with WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability
System/Concern | Evaluation | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
Constitutional | Eval of growth | Annually or more frequently if FTT |
Eyes | Ophthalmologic eval | Annually or more frequently as needed |
ENT/Mouth | ENT eval | As needed Gastrointestinal/ |
Other | Assess family need for social work support, other local resources. | FTT = failure to thrive |
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
Phenotype severity distribution: 3 always present features, 6 very common features, 24 common features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
1 clinical trial registered, 1 recruiting. Interventions under study include other interventions. Research is primarily sponsored by academic and government institutions.
10 publications have been identified in PubMed for Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (50%), Review / Meta-Analysis (20%), and Basic Science / Preclinical (20%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 5 | 50% |
Research summaries | 2 | 20% |
Laboratory research | 2 | 20% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 10% |
Xu X (2026). [PMID: 42138082](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42138082/). *J Clin Invest*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Yeter B (2025). [PMID: 40742416](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40742416/). *Eur J Pediatr*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Alpi AF (2025). [PMID: 41124358](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41124358/). *Biochem Soc Trans*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
De Falco A (2025). [PMID: 39603091](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39603091/). *Eur J Paediatr Neurol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Leu C (2025). [PMID: 40240269](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40240269/). *EBioMedicine*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Onea G (2025). [PMID: 39837355](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39837355/). *Genomics*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Lin X (2025). [PMID: 40826479](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40826479/). *Eur J Med Res*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Donnellan EP (2025). [PMID: 41147673](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41147673/). *Ir Med J*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Marozzi N (2025). [PMID: 39952789](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39952789/). *J Oral Rehabil*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Yang Q (2024). [PMID: 39363971](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39363971/). *Front Pediatr*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Data assembled from 9 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 2:13 PM UTC
Patient Advocacy Groups (PAGs) provide support, resources, and community for patients and caregivers.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about Skraban-Deardorff syndrome
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome | TCF4 ordeletion of thechromosomeregion in whichTCF4 is located | See footnote 2. | Seizures; Widely spaced teeth; Full lips |
ATRX | XL | Hypotonia; Coarse facial features | Alpha-thalassemia HbH inclusion bodies; Genital anomalies; Microcephaly common; Postnatal growth deficiency |
Kleefstra syndrome | EHMT1 ordeletion at9q34.3 | AD | Seizures; Hypotonia; Autistic features |
Source: GeneReviews — "WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability"
Consultation w/cardiologist |
If evidence of congenital heart defect |
Respiratory | Consultation w/pulmonologist | If evidence of tracheomalacia Gastrointestinal/ |
Feeding | Gastroenterology / nutrition / feeding team evaluation | For those w/:; Feeding difficulties, GERD, /or FTT: assess swallowing, feeding, nutritional status to determine safety of oral vs gastrostomy feeding; Constipation |
Musculoskeletal | Consultation w/physiatrist | For those w/gait abnormalities Psychiatric/ |
Behavioral | Neuropsychiatric evaluation | Screen individuals age 12 mos for behavior concerns incl sleep disturbances, ADHD, anxiety, /or traits suggestive of ASD. Miscellaneous/ |
Other | Consultation w/clinical geneticist /or genetic counselor | ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; ENT = ear, nose, and throat; FTT = failure to thrive; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease Treatment of Manifestations Table 4. |
Treatment of Manifestations in Individuals with WDR26-Related Intellectual Disability Manifestation/Concern | Treatment | Considerations/Other Feeding difficulties |
/or FTT | Standard care w/gastroenterologist nutritionist /or speech therapist | Gastrostomy tube placement may be required for persistent feeding issues. Strabismus/ |
Amblyopia | Standard care as per treating ophthalmologist | — |
Cardiac defects | Standard care as per treating cardiologist | — |
Seizures | Standard ASMs as recommended by an experienced neurologist. Consideration of brain MRI. | Many ASMs may be effective; none has been demonstrated effective specifically for this disorder.1 ASMs= anti-seizure medications; FTT = failure to thrive Education of parents regarding common seizure presentations is appropriate. |