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X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy is a childhood-onset X-linked myopathy characterized by slow progression of muscle weakness and unique histopathological findings.
Features include always present findings: Proximal lower limb muscle weakness, Skeletal muscle autophagosome accumulation, and Proximal lower limb amyotrophy; and sometimes findings: Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis), Flexion contracture, Motor delay, and Difficulty breathing (respiratory insufficiency) and others. 19 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Muscles | 10 | Skeletal muscle atrophy, Myotonia, Flexion contracture |
VMA21 function has not been fully characterized.
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy is associated with mutations in the VMA21 gene on chromosome X.
Genetic testing for VMA21 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 3 always present features.
Estimated prevalence: <1 in 1,000,000 (VERY_RARE).
No clinical trials have been registered for X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy.
27 publications have been identified in PubMed for X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (52%), Basic Science / Preclinical (22%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (15%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 14 | 52% |
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Oct 4, 2026, 12:13 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy
Bones and joints | 3 | Skeletal muscle atrophy, Sideways curvature of the spine (scoliosis), Skeletal muscle autophagosome accumulation |
Arms and legs | 2 | Proximal lower limb muscle weakness, Proximal lower limb amyotrophy |
Lab test results | 1 | Elevated creatine kinase (muscle enzyme) (elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration) |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Difficulty breathing (respiratory insufficiency) |
Pregnancy and birth | 1 | Neonatal hypotonia |
Heart and blood vessels | 1 | Abnormality of the cardiovascular system |
Brain and nerves | 1 | Intellectual disability |
Laboratory research
6 |
22% |
Research summaries | 4 | 15% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 1 | 4% |
Clinical study results | 1 | 4% |
Disease patterns and progression | 1 | 4% |
Chang HE (2026). [PMID: 40369127](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40369127/). *Pediatr Nephrol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Carnazzi A (2026). [PMID: 41624901](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41624901/). *Genes Dis*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Haschke AM (2026). [PMID: 42087238](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42087238/). *Acta Neuropathol Commun*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Lejars M (2026). [PMID: 41713383](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41713383/). *Stem Cell Res*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Sarparanta J (2026). [PMID: 41294008](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41294008/). *Hum Mol Genet*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Radio FC (2026). [PMID: 41904678](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41904678/). *Genet Med*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Jones FJS (2026). [PMID: 41787240](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41787240/). *Eur J Neurol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Xia X (2026). [PMID: 41699400](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41699400/). *J Hum Genet*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Llansó L (2025). [PMID: 39817497](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817497/). *Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Soontrapa P (2025). [PMID: 40921022](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40921022/). *Neurology*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]