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Features include always present findings: Seizure, Intellectual disability, Delayed speech and language development, and Global developmental delay; and very common findings: Thin upper lip vermilion. 45 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 17 | Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, Focal clonic seizure, Seizure |
PACS2 function has not been fully characterized.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 66 is associated with mutations in the PACS2 gene on chromosome 14.
Genetic testing for PACS2 is available. Testing is considered confirmatory for diagnosis.
Biomarker and diagnostic research for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 66 has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 4 always present features, 1 very common feature, 17 common features.
No clinical trials have been registered for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 66.
17 publications have been identified in PubMed for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 66. Research spans Epidemiology / Natural History (24%), Diagnostic / Biomarker (18%), and Review / Meta-Analysis (18%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Disease patterns and progression | 4 | 24% |
Data assembled from 5 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 20, 2026, 1:46 AM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Head and neck |
4 |
Coarse facial features, Thin upper lip vermilion, Macrodontia of permanent maxillary central incisor |
Eyes | 2 | Strabismus, Nystagmus |
Heart and blood vessels | 2 | Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect |
Blood and immune system | 2 | Low red blood cell count (anemia), Decreased total neutrophil count |
Muscles | 1 | Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Arms and legs | 1 | Clinodactyly of the 5th finger |
Testing and diagnosis research |
3 |
18% |
Research summaries | 3 | 18% |
Laboratory research | 3 | 18% |
Patient case studies | 2 | 12% |
Clinical study results | 1 | 6% |
New treatment approaches | 1 | 6% |
Nou-Fontanet L (2026). [PMID: 41933351](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41933351/). *Orphanet journal of rare diseases*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Wan L (2026). [PMID: 41797007](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41797007/). *Seizure*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
Chen H (2026). [PMID: 42148092](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42148092/). *Front Immunol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Thaher D (2025). [PMID: 40156306](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40156306/). *Journal of child neurology*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Sunnetci-Akkoyunlu D (2025). [PMID: 41153369](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41153369/). *Genes*. [Gene Therapy / Novel Therapeutics]
Tsai MH (2025). [PMID: 40472070](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40472070/). *Human molecular genetics*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Zbikowski A (2025). [PMID: 39738582](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39738582/). *Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Singh A (2025). [PMID: 39945474](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39945474/). *Epilepsia*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Kobayashi Takahashi Y (2025). [PMID: 40530598](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40530598/). *Epilepsia open*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Huang Y (2025). [PMID: 40857069](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40857069/). *Epilepsia*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]