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non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome - Clinical Profile, Treatments & Trials | Kisho | Kisho

Rare Disease

non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome

MONDO:0019137

Also known as:circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free running typehypernychthemeral syndromenon-24

Find Clinical TrialsTrials

Overview

Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (non-24 disorder), also known as hypernychthemeral syndrome, is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by non-synchronization to a 24-hour day leading to insomnia and daytime sleepiness with sometimes severe associated manifestations.

Treatments2 FDA approved

Clinical Trials1 registered

ResearchLimited published research (8 articles)

Clinical Presentation

Built from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) phenotype annotations and GeneReviews clinical descriptions. Features represent findings documented across known cases — not an exhaustive list of possible symptoms.

Features include common findings: Blindness, Depression, Excessive daytime somnolence, and Abnormal pineal melatonin secretion and others.

Organ System	Phenotype Count	Example Features
Brain and nerves	2	Depression, Excessive daytime somnolence

Treatment

Compiled from FDA-approved drug records, orphan drug designations, and FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) safety data. GeneReviews management guidance is included where available.

1 FDA-approved treatment is available for non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, including TASIMELTEON (HETLIOZ, approved 2014). An additional 1 compound holds orphan drug designation.

Approved Therapies

Brand Name	Generic Name	Mechanism	Approved	Market Status

Prognosis

Phenotype severity distribution: 5 common features.

Estimated prevalence: Unknown (Unknown prevalence).

Research Landscape

Sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. Publication types are classified using NLM-curated article metadata; research type breakdowns reflect the nature of published work for this disease.

1 clinical trial registered. Pipeline includes 1 PHASE3.

8 publications have been identified in PubMed for non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (38%), Other (13%), and Case Report / Case Series (13%).

Recent Publications

Rolling J (2026). [PMID: 42055909](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42055909/). *Encephale*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Chen RY (2026). [PMID: 42218592](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42218592/). *Behav Sleep Med*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Choi S (2025). [PMID: 38865606](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38865606/). *Ophthalmic Epidemiol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Zuo T (2025). [PMID: 39928318](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39928318/). *Expert Opin Drug Saf*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Pei X (2025). [PMID: 39774625](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39774625/). *Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Ferber R (2025). [PMID: 40007888](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40007888/). *Sleep Adv*. [Other]

Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 8:03 PM UTC

MONDOHPOClinicalTrials.govFDAPubMedHGNCClinVarClinGenGeneReviewsOrphanetOMIMRUSP

Medical References

External Resources

Orphanet

European rare disease database

Orphanet:73267

GARD

Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center

GARD:10949

Questions for Your Care Team

→What are the benefits and potential side effects of HETLIOZ for managing non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome?
→Are any of the 1 active clinical trial a good fit for my situation?
→Are there specialists or centers of excellence for this condition in my area?
→Is there a patient registry I should consider joining?

← Back to All Diseases

Kisho

non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome

Overview

Clinical Presentation

Treatment

Approved Therapies

Prognosis

Research Landscape

Recent Publications

Medical References

External Resources

Orphanet

GARD

Questions for Your Care Team

Questions for Your Care Team

Explore clinical features

Orphan Drug Designations

Clinical Trials

non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome

Overview

Clinical Presentation

Treatment

Approved Therapies

Prognosis

Research Landscape

Recent Publications

Medical References

External Resources

Orphanet

GARD

Related Diseases

Questions for Your Care Team

Questions for Your Care Team

Explore clinical features

Orphan Drug Designations

Clinical Trials