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A large vessel vasculitis predominantly involving the arteries originating from the aortic arch and especially the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries.
Features include very common findings: Joint stiffness, Weight loss, Fever, and Anorexia and others; and common findings: Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Visual impairment, Ophthalmoparesis, and Depression and others. 71 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 10 | Headache, Cerebral ischemia, Fatigue |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for temporal arteritis has been reported in the published literature.
3 FDA-approved treatments are available for temporal arteritis, including UPADACITINIB (RINVOQ, approved 2019), TOCILIZUMAB-AAZG (TYENNE, approved 2024), and TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE (TRIESENCE, approved 2007). An additional 3 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Mechanism | Approved |
|---|
Phenotype severity distribution: 10 very common features, 15 common features.
Estimated prevalence: 1-5 in 10,000 (Uncommon).
52 clinical trials registered, 34 recruiting. Interventions under study include other interventions, drug therapy, biologic therapy, and procedural interventions. Pipeline includes 3 PHASE4, 6 PHASE3, 5 PHASE2. Research is primarily sponsored by academic and government institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT07084480](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07084480) |
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 3:00 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Eyes |
7 |
Retinal arteritis, Blindness, Visual impairment |
Heart and blood vessels | 6 | Sudden cardiac death, Pericarditis, Aortic dissection |
Bones and joints | 5 | Joint stiffness, Joint inflammation (arthritis), Polyarticular arthritis |
Digestive system | 5 | Anorexia, Hepatic failure, Abdominal pain |
Lab test results | 4 | Elevated CRP (inflammation marker) (elevated circulating c-reactive protein concentration), Increased circulating interleukin 6 concentration, Elevated circulating osteopontin level |
Skin | 3 | Alopecia, Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), Skin ulcer |
Ears | 3 | Hearing loss (hearing impairment), Conductive hearing impairment, Vertigo |
Muscles | 3 | Damage to the optic nerve (optic atrophy), Muscle weakness, Myalgia |
Blood and immune system | 2 | Vasculitis, Low red blood cell count (anemia) |
Kidneys and urinary system | 2 | Reduced kidney function (renal insufficiency), Blood in the urine (hematuria) |
Growth and development | 1 | Weight loss |
Metabolism | 1 | Fever |
Hormones | 1 | Diabetes insipidus |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect without pulmonary stenosis |
TYENNE | TOCILIZUMAB-AAZG | — | 2024 | Available |
RINVOQ | UPADACITINIB | — | 2019 | Available |
TRIESENCE | TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE | — | 2007 | Available |
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for temporal arteritis. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor | Designated | Exclusivity End | Designation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mavrilimumab | mavrilimumab | Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, GmbH | 2020 | — | Withdrawn |
Abatacept | Abatacept | Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development | 2017 | — | Designated |
infliximab | infliximab | Centocor, Inc. | 2003 | — | Withdrawn |
52 trials found
Giant Cell Arteritis - Ways to Precision Medicine |
— |
Wuerzburg University Hospital |
RECRUITING |
[NCT02257866](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02257866) | Studies of the Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Idiopathic Systemic Vasculitis | — | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) | RECRUITING |
[NCT05193396](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05193396) | Hydrocortisone and Placebo in Patients With Symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency After Cessation of Glucocorticoid Treatment | PHASE4 | Marianne Andersen | RECRUITING |
[NCT06460142](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06460142) | Assessing Biomarker in Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatic | — | University of Bonn | RECRUITING |
[NCT04012905](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04012905) | Giant Cell Arteritis: Comparison Between Two Standardized Corticosteroids Tapering | PHASE3 | University Hospital, Caen | RECRUITING |
175 publications have been identified in PubMed for temporal arteritis. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (37%), Epidemiology / Natural History (21%), and Case Report / Case Series (20%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 52 | 37% |
Disease patterns and progression | 30 | 21% |
Patient case studies | 28 | 20% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 13 | 9% |
Other research | 9 | 6% |
Laboratory research | 7 | 5% |
Clinical study results | 3 | 2% |
Kermani TA (2026). [PMID: 42114096](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114096/). *Ann Intern Med*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Dejaco C (2026). [PMID: 41812194](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41812194/). *N Engl J Med*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Fernández-Lozano D (2026). [PMID: 41452742](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41452742/). *Rheumatology (Oxford)*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Ameer MA (2026). [PMID: 29083688](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29083688/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Chase E (2026). [PMID: 29262071](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262071/). *Unknown Journal*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Loiseau P (2026). [PMID: 41980318](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41980318/). *Semin Arthritis Rheum*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Rodriguez-Pla A (2026). [PMID: 41681787](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41681787/). *Diagnostics (Basel)*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Liang I (2026). [PMID: 41566701](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41566701/). *Intern Med J*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Murata K (2026). [PMID: 42207305](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42207305/). *Rheumatol Int*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Savenko IV (2026). [PMID: 41764095](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764095/). *Vestn Otorinolaringol*. [Case Report / Case Series]