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A primary adrenal insufficiency caused by a sudden defective production of adrenal steroids (cortisol and aldosterone). It represents an emergency, thus the rapid recognition and prompt therapy are critical for survival even before the diagnosis is made.
Features include always present findings: Decreased circulating cortisol level and Primary adrenal insufficiency; and very common findings: Hyperpigmentation of the skin, Muscle weakness, Failure to thrive, and Weight loss and others. 44 total HPO annotations.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Digestive system | 5 | Diarrhea, Nausea and vomiting, Constipation |
Phenotype severity distribution: 2 always present features, 14 very common features, 16 common features.
Estimated prevalence: Unknown (Unknown prevalence).
No clinical trials have been registered for acute adrenal insufficiency.
40 publications have been identified in PubMed for acute adrenal insufficiency. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (55%), Review / Meta-Analysis (23%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (18%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 22 | 55% |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 19, 2026, 1:55 PM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
Common questions about acute adrenal insufficiency
Hormones |
4 |
Decreased circulating cortisol level, Primary adrenal insufficiency, Delayed puberty |
Skin | 3 | Hyperpigmentation of the skin, Dry skin, Vitiligo |
Muscles | 3 | Muscle weakness, Renal salt wasting, Low muscle tone (hypotonia) |
Blood and immune system | 3 | Autoimmunity, Normocytic anemia, Recurrent acute respiratory tract infection |
Brain and nerves | 3 | Fatigue, Seizure, Stroke |
Kidneys and urinary system | 3 | Reduced kidney function (renal insufficiency), Renal salt wasting, Decreased urinary potassium |
Lab test results | 2 | Decreased circulating cortisol level, Increased circulating renin concentration |
Growth and development | 2 | Failure to thrive, Weight loss |
Heart and blood vessels | 2 | Stroke, Myocardial infarction |
Metabolism | 1 | Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis |
Lungs and breathing | 1 | Recurrent acute respiratory tract infection |
Ears | 1 | Vertigo |
Bones and joints | 1 | Arthralgia |
9 |
23% |
Disease patterns and progression | 7 | 18% |
Clinical study results | 2 | 5% |
Huecker MR (2026). [PMID: 33760466](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33760466/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Itteera MR (2026). [PMID: 41853409](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41853409/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Elshimy G (2026). [PMID: 29763143](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763143/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Al Nour AH (2026). [PMID: 41909154](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41909154/). *JCEM Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Huecker MR (2026). [PMID: 28722862](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28722862/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Ritter P (2026). [PMID: 41979866](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41979866/). *Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Roșca Ș (2026). [PMID: 41598282](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41598282/). *Life (Basel, Switzerland)*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Gupta NK (2026). [PMID: 41575229](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41575229/). *Annals of African medicine*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Anastácio M (2026). [PMID: 41631071](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41631071/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Yamauchi K (2026). [PMID: 41535045](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41535045/). *Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]