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chronic primary adrenal insufficiency (CPAI) - Clinical Profile, Genes & Research | Kisho | Kisho

Features include: Skin color changes (abnormality of skin pigmentation), Vomiting, Seizure, and Hyperkalemia and 8 more.

Organ System	Phenotype Count	Example Features
Digestive system	2	Vomiting, Feeding difficulties in infancy
Hormones	2	Adrenal hypoplasia, Adrenal insufficiency
Skin	1	Skin color changes (abnormality of skin pigmentation)
Brain and nerves	1	Seizure
Heart and blood vessels	1	Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
Lungs and breathing	1	Apnea

Research Landscape

Sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. Publication types are classified using NLM-curated article metadata; research type breakdowns reflect the nature of published work for this disease.

6 clinical trials registered, 1 recruiting. Interventions under study include other interventions and medical devices. Pipeline includes 4 NA. Research is primarily sponsored by academic and government institutions.

NCT ID	Title	Phase	Sponsor	Status
[NCT06309498](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06309498)	Residual Adrenal Function in Addison's Disease	—	Istituto Auxologico Italiano	UNKNOWN
[NCT07413874](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07413874)	Telehealth Music Therapy for Adults With Endocrine Disorder and Depression	NA	Appalachian State University	UNKNOWN
[NCT01793168](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01793168)	Rare Disease Patient Registry & Natural History Study - Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford	—	Sanford Health	RECRUITING
[NCT04252001](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04252001)	Growing up With the Young Endocrine Support System (YESS!)	NA	dr. Laura C. G. de Graaff-Herder	NOT_YET_RECRUITING
[NCT07367425](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07367425)	Risks of Ramadan Fasting in Patients With Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Treated With Prednisolone.	NA	Hopital La Rabta	NOT_YET_RECRUITING

97 publications have been identified in PubMed for chronic primary adrenal insufficiency. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (34%), Case Report / Case Series (33%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (13%).

Research Type	Count	% of Total
Research summaries	33	34%
Patient case studies	32	33%
Disease patterns and progression	13	13%
Laboratory research	7	7%
Other research	5	5%
Testing and diagnosis research	3

Recent Publications

Zhao X (2026). [PMID: 42466338](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42466338/). *Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Garuma MT (2026). [PMID: 42568851](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42568851/). *IDCases*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Thomas N (2026). [PMID: 41328708](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41328708/). *Diabetes Metab Res Rev*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Franco BB (2026). [PMID: 42221389](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42221389/). *AACE Endocrinol Diabetes*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Baioumi A (2026). [PMID: 41712317](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41712317/). *J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Bello MO (2026). [PMID: 30725896](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725896/). *Unknown Journal*. [Other]
Robinson MF (2026). [PMID: 42687098](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687098/). *J Racial Ethn Health Disparities*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Axakova A (2026). [PMID: 42561935](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42561935/). *Am J Hum Genet*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Colorado Franco LA (2026). [PMID: 42220732](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42220732/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Chifu I (2026). [PMID: 40608904](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608904/). *J Clin Endocrinol Metab*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]

Kisho

chronic primary adrenal insufficiency

Overview

Clinical Presentation

Explore clinical features

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Research Landscape

Recent Publications

Patient Support

Financial & Access Support (External Programs)

Patient Advocacy Groups

Medical References

External Resources

OMIM

Orphanet

GARD

Questions for Your Care Team

Questions for Your Care Team

Latest News & Developments

Rare Causes of Pediatric Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Observational Cohort Study.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Pseudo-Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy Case Report.

chronic primary adrenal insufficiency

Overview

Clinical Presentation

Explore clinical features

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Research Landscape

Recent Publications

Patient Support

Financial & Access Support (External Programs)

Patient Advocacy Groups

Medical References

External Resources

OMIM

Orphanet

GARD

Subtypes

Related Diseases

Questions for Your Care Team

Questions for Your Care Team

Latest News & Developments

Rare Causes of Pediatric Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Observational Cohort Study.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Pseudo-Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy Case Report.