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A rare autoimmune encephalitis involving the mesial temporal lobes and clinically characterized by subacute onset (i. e. rapid progression of less than three months) of short-term memory deficits, seizures or psychiatric symptoms, such as behavioral changes, anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Further diagnostic criteria are bilateral abnormalities restricted to the mesial temporal lobes in brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and/or epileptic or slow-wave activity involving the temporal lobes in EEG, and reasonable exclusion of alternative causes. Paraneoplastic or non-paraneoplastic antibodies against neuronal antigens may be found in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid.
Features include common findings: Atypical behavior, Psychosis, Depression, and Irritability and others; and sometimes findings: Paroxysmal vertigo, Anti-CASPR2, and Anti-GABA(B)R antibody.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 10 | Atypical behavior, Psychosis, Depression |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for autoimmune limbic encephalitis has been reported in the published literature.
Phenotype severity distribution: 19 common features.
Estimated prevalence: 1-9 in 100,000 (Uncommon).
No clinical trials have been registered for autoimmune limbic encephalitis.
47 publications have been identified in PubMed for autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (51%), Basic Science / Preclinical (15%), and Diagnostic / Biomarker (11%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 24 | 51% |
Data assembled from 4 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 18, 2026, 2:06 AM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
4 |
Increased CSF protein concentration, Anti-Hu antibody positivity, Anti-LGI1 antibody |
Metabolism | 1 | Fever |
Ears | 1 | Paroxysmal vertigo |
Laboratory research
7 |
15% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 5 | 11% |
Clinical study results | 5 | 11% |
Research summaries | 4 | 9% |
Disease patterns and progression | 2 | 4% |
Wang X (2026). [PMID: 42158116](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42158116/). *Front Med (Lausanne)*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Pan J (2026). [PMID: 42154290](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154290/). *J Neurol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Domruk ÖF (2026). [PMID: 42038479](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42038479/). *Radiol Case Rep*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Htun NL (2026). [PMID: 41994747](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41994747/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Jabbari C (2026). [PMID: 41694700](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41694700/). *Radiology case reports*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Dadarwal R (2026). [PMID: 41568938](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41568938/). *Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]
Aytaç A (2026). [PMID: 41142863](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41142863/). *Radiology case reports*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Zeb J (2026). [PMID: 41982561](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41982561/). *Cureus*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Soni K (2026). [PMID: 41771040](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41771040/). *Clinical nuclear medicine*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Demas A (2026). [PMID: 42180214](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42180214/). *Front Neurol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
AI-curated news mentioning autoimmune limbic encephalitis
Updated Aug 24, 2026
A nationwide clinical study in Denmark investigates long-term outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis, providing valuable insights into patient prognosis and management. The findings contribute to the understanding of this rare neurological condition.
A recent study published in PubMed explores the plasma proteome in LGI-1 autoimmune encephalitis, providing insights into potential biomarkers for this condition. The findings may enhance understanding of the disease's pathophysiology and aid in future therapeutic strategies.
A recent study investigates the functional impact of LGI1 autoantibodies on human CA3 pyramidal neurons, providing insights into their role in neurological conditions. This research could enhance understanding of autoimmune encephalitis and its effects on neuronal function.