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Mercury poisoning is caused mainly through ingestion or inhalation of any of the 3 forms of mercury, elemental, organic, and inorganic. Exposure to elemental mercury affects the pulmonary (inhalation of mercury vapors causes coughing, chills, fever, shortness of breath), dermatological (mild swelling, vesiculation, scaling, irritation, urticaria, erythema and allergic contact dermatitis accompanied by pain), and peripheral and central nervous (CNS) systems (depression, paranoia, extreme irritability, hallucinations, inability to concentrate, memory loss, hands, head, lips, tongue, jaw and eyelids tremors, weight loss, perpetually low body temperature, drowsiness, headaches, insomnia, fatigue). Exposure to inorganic mercury generally causes development of a metallic taste, local oropharyngeal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, colic abdominal pain, renal dysfunction and, neurologic abnormalities; while that to organic mercury can lead to delayed neurotoxicity.
Features include common findings: Hypertension, Seizure, Confusion, and Dystonia and others.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Brain and nerves | 5 | Seizure, Dystonia, Tremor |
Digestive system |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for mercury poisoning has been reported in the published literature.
No approved treatments are currently available for mercury poisoning. An additional 2 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
While no drugs are FDA-approved specifically for mercury poisoning, some of the following designated compounds may be used off-label in clinical practice. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a specialist familiar with this condition.
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for mercury poisoning. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor |
|---|
Phenotype severity distribution: 21 common features.
Estimated prevalence: 1-9 in 100,000 (Uncommon).
1 clinical trial registered. Pipeline includes 1 PHASE2.
94 publications have been identified in PubMed for mercury poisoning. Research spans Case Report / Case Series (39%), Basic Science / Preclinical (21%), and Epidemiology / Natural History (19%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Patient case studies | 37 | 39% |
Data assembled from 6 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 18, 2026, 1:49 AM UTC
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
4
Nausea, Anorexia, Episodic vomiting |
Lungs and breathing | 4 | Dyspnea, Respiratory distress, Respiratory failure |
Heart and blood vessels | 2 | Hypertension, Tachycardia |
Kidneys and urinary system | 1 | Acute kidney injury |
Muscles | 1 | Generalized muscle weakness |
Designated
Exclusivity End |
|---|
Designation Status |
|---|
emeramide | emeramide | NBMI Science Limited | 2012 | — | Designated |
Succimer | Succimer | Sanofi Winthrop, Inc. | 1991 | — | Designated |
Gene therapy approaches for mercury poisoning have been reported in the published literature.
1 trial found
20 |
21% |
Disease patterns and progression | 18 | 19% |
Research summaries | 11 | 12% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 5 | 5% |
New treatment approaches | 2 | 2% |
Other research | 1 | 1% |
Kim YM (2026). [PMID: 41844143](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41844143/). *J Korean Med Sci*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Shekhawat R (2026). [PMID: 32644540](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644540/). *Unknown Journal*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Wu S (2026). [PMID: 42063013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42063013/). *BMC Pediatr*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ganga R (2026). [PMID: 41979925](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41979925/). *J Dermatol*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Yorifuji T (2026). [PMID: 41765117](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41765117/). *Neurotoxicol Teratol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Saeed S (2026). [PMID: 40884595](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40884595/). *Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Guarnizo-Lozano A (2026). [PMID: 41323174](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41323174/). *Radiology case reports*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Posin SL (2026). [PMID: 29763110](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763110/). *Unknown Journal*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Robinson C (2026). [PMID: 41853741](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41853741/). *Kidney Int Rep*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Li Z (2026). [PMID: 41908254](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41908254/). *Front Bioeng Biotechnol*. [Diagnostic / Biomarker]