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Pemphigus is a group of chronic autoimmune skin diseases characterized by blister formations on the outer layer of the skin and the mucous membranes. Three clinical forms have been characterized, of which pemphigus vulgaris is the most frequent (75%).
Features include: Autoimmunity, Autoimmune antibody positivity, Abnormal blistering of the skin, and Oral mucosal blisters.
Organ System | Phenotype Count | Example Features |
|---|---|---|
Blood and immune system | 2 | Autoimmunity, Autoimmune antibody positivity |
Biomarker and diagnostic research for pemphigus vulgaris has been reported in the published literature.
1 FDA-approved treatment is available for pemphigus vulgaris, including rituximab (Rituxan, approved 2002). An additional 5 compounds hold orphan drug designation.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Mechanism | Approved | Market Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated prevalence: 1-5 in 10,000 (Uncommon).
11 clinical trials registered, 5 recruiting. Interventions under study include drug therapy, other interventions, medical devices, and biologic therapy. Pipeline includes 3 PHASE1, 1 EARLY_PHASE1, 3 NA. Research is sponsored by a mix of industry and academic institutions.
NCT ID | Title | Phase | Sponsor | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[NCT02753777](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02753777) |
Data assembled from 7 of 12 sources · Last updated Sep 18, 2026, 10:50 PM UTC
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
European rare disease database
Genetic and Rare Diseases Info Center
2 |
Abnormal blistering of the skin, Oral mucosal blisters |
Lab test results | 1 | Autoimmune antibody positivity |
Rituxan
rituximab |
— |
2002 |
Available |
The following drugs have received orphan drug designation from the FDA for pemphigus vulgaris. Orphan designation reflects regulatory interest and does not indicate approval for treatment.
Brand Name | Generic Name | Sponsor | Designated | Exclusivity End | Designation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autologous Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor-directed (CAAR) T cells | Autologous Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor-directed (CAAR) T cells | Cabaletta Bio, Inc. | 2020 | — | Designated |
Small Molecule Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia Tyrosine Kinase (BKT) Inhibitor | Small Molecule Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia Tyrosine Kinase (BKT) Inhibitor | Principia Biopharma Inc. | 2017 | — | Withdrawn |
(S)-2-(1-((6-amino-5-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-5-carbonitrile | (S)-2-(1-((6-amino-5-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-5-carbonitrile | Almirall S.A. | 2015 | — | Withdrawn |
Mycophenolate mofetil | Mycophenolate mofetil | Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. | 2006 | — | Withdrawn |
Desmoglein 3 synthetic peptide (PI-0824) | Desmoglein 3 synthetic peptide (PI-0824) | Peptimmune, Inc. | 2004 | — | Designated |
Gene therapy approaches for pemphigus vulgaris have been reported in the published literature.
11 trials found
Autoimmune Blistering Diseases Study |
— |
University of Pennsylvania |
RECRUITING |
[NCT06581562](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06581562) | Open-label Single-Center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Combining Rituximab and AB-101 in B-cell Associated Autoimmune Diseases. | PHASE1 | IRIS Research and Development, LLC | RECRUITING |
[NCT04422912](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04422912) | A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Safety and Dosing Study of Autologous CART Cells (Desmoglein 3 Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T Cells [DSG3-CAART] or CD19-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells [CABA-201]) in Subjects With Active, Pemphigus Vulgaris (RESET-PV) | PHASE1 | Cabaletta Bio | RECRUITING |
[NCT07641725](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07641725) | Comparison of the Efficacy of Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Mouthwash, Photobiomodulation, and Their Combination in Managing of Oral Lesions in Patient With Pemphigus Vulgaris. | NA | Damascus University | RECRUITING |
[NCT07681388](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07681388) | CD19 CAR-T Therapy for Refractory Pemphigus Vulgaris | NA | Jinbo Chen | RECRUITING |
217 publications have been identified in PubMed for pemphigus vulgaris. Research spans Review / Meta-Analysis (27%), Basic Science / Preclinical (18%), and Case Report / Case Series (17%).
Research Type | Count | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
Research summaries | 59 | 27% |
Laboratory research | 40 | 18% |
Patient case studies | 36 | 17% |
Clinical study results | 27 | 12% |
Disease patterns and progression | 24 | 11% |
Testing and diagnosis research | 12 | 6% |
Other research | 11 | 5% |
New treatment approaches | 8 | 4% |
Rahimi S (2026). [PMID: 41569788](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41569788/). *Br J Dermatol*. [Other]
Santos BC (2026). [PMID: 41444035](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41444035/). *Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Liguori S (2026). [PMID: 41952042](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41952042/). *Oral Dis*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Kurhan F (2026). [PMID: 41962002](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41962002/). *Psychol Health Med*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Modanlo N (2026). [PMID: 41110721](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41110721/). *J Am Acad Dermatol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Shah T (2026). [PMID: 41983144](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41983144/). *Front Immunol*. [Review / Meta-Analysis]
Toraman B (2026). [PMID: 41789085](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41789085/). *Front Immunol*. [Basic Science / Preclinical]
Bagchi S (2026). [PMID: 41016438](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41016438/). *J Am Acad Dermatol*. [Epidemiology / Natural History]
Chaiyapak P (2026). [PMID: 42046557](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42046557/). *Hosp Pharm*. [Case Report / Case Series]
Ariel D (2026). [PMID: 41920571](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41920571/). *JAMA Dermatol*. [Clinical Trial Publication]
AI-curated news mentioning pemphigus vulgaris
Updated May 27, 2026
A new randomized controlled trial protocol aims to evaluate the effects of an intelligent multimodal symptom assessment and response system in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. This study could provide insights into improving patient management for this rare autoimmune disease.
A recent study identifies genetic and immunological factors influencing pemphigus vulgaris, focusing on HLA-DRB1 and FCGR2B variants. This integrative analysis enhances understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms.
A case report highlights the occurrence of postsurgical pemphigus vulgaris following thyroidectomy, contributing to the understanding of this rare autoimmune condition. The review of literature provides insights into potential triggers and management strategies.